1583 Edition | Book 8 | Page 1093 
Close(d. 1535) [ODNB sub John Houghton]
Prior of the Charterhouse of Axholme, Lincolnshire, and Catholic martyr
John Houghton, Robert Lawrence and Augustine Webster, Carthusian priors, were hanged, drawn and quartered for refusing to swear the oath of supremacy. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Webster is one of the Catholic martyrs written of by Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.
Close(1497 - 1547) [ODNB]
Lawyer and historian; BA Cambridge 1518; entered Gray's Inn by 1521; among those invited to Bridewell to hear Henry VIII's oration on his divorce; MP Much Wenlock 1529, 1536; MP (unknown) 1539; MP Bridgnorth 1542
When Queen Catherine learned from the legates that they had been deputed to determine the matter of a divorce between the king and her, she composed an answer to them. Campeggi wrote down her answer in French, which was then translated by Edward Hall. 1563, pp. 456-57; 1570, pp. 1193-94; 1576, p. 1022; 1583, p. 1050.
[Back to Top]Edward Hall reported that Pavier, the town clerk of the city of London, had said that if the king sanctioned an English edition of the scriptures and allowed people to read it, he (Pavier) would cut his throat. He later hanged himself. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
Hall included an account of Sir Thomas More in his chronicle. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Hall spoke in favour of the Act of Six Articles in parliament. 1563, p. 660.
Edward Hall was named in a commission from Henry VIII to Edmund Bonner as one who was required to execute the Six Articles. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1202.
After Anne Askew had been examined by Bonner and Wymmesley, Christopher Brittayn brought Edward Hall and others, and Bonner urged them, as her friends, to get her to speak fully. 1563, p. 671; 1570, p. 1415; 1576, p. 1205; 1583, p. 1235.
Hall witnessed Anne Askew's confession. 1563, p. 673; 1570, p. 1416; 1576, p. 1207; 1583, p. 1237.
Close(c. 1506 - 1534) [ODNB]
called the Holy Maid of Kent, the Nun of Kent. Benedictine nun and visionary
Elizabeth Barton prophesied that if the king divorced Queen Catherine and married Anne Boleyn, he would not reign more than a month thereafter. Through the efforts of Cranmer, Cromwell and Latimer, she was condemned and executed with some of her supporters. 1563, p. 510; 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, pp. 1054-55.
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Close(d. 1535) [ODNB sub John Houghton]
Carthusian monk; procurator of London Charterhouse; arrested with the prior, John Houghton, in 1534 and sent to the Tower; both were released on swearing an oath; vicar of Charterhouse 1535; a month later executed at Tyburn Tree for failing to take the oath of supremacy
William Exmew, Humphrey Middlemore and Sebastian Newdigate, Carthusian monks, refused to swear the oath of supremacy. They were hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Close(d. 1535) [ODNB sub Richard Reynolds]
Vicar of Isleworth, the parish in which Syon Abbey stood; Catholic martyr executed with Richard Reynolds and 3 Carthusian priors
Richard Reynolds and John Hale were executed with John Houghton, Robert Lawrence, and Augustine Webster. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Hale is one of the Catholic martyrs written of by Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.
Close(1486/7 - 1535) [ODNB]
BA Cambridge; LLB; BTh; prior of the Charterhouse of Beauvale in Nottinghamshire 1531; prior of the London Charterhouse (November 1531 - 1535); Catholic martyr hanged, drawn and quartered; inspired most of his monks to refuse submission
John Houghton, Robert Lawrence and Augustine Webster, Carthusian priors, were hanged, drawn and quartered for refusing to swear the oath of supremacy. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Houghton is one of the Catholic martyrs written of by Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.
Close(d. 1531) [Fines]
Martyr; living by the entrance to St Martin's le Grand in the parish of St Michael-le-Quern; leatherseller and haberdasher
John Tewkesbury was converted by reading Tyndale's works and disputed openly in the chapel in the bishop's palace. He was examined before Cuthbert Tunstall, Henry Standish and John Islip, before the bishops of Lincoln, Ely and Bath and Wells, and before Geoffrey Wharton, Rowland Philipps, William Philow and Robert Ridley. 1563, pp. 490-92; 1570, pp. 1165-66; 1576, pp. 996-97; 1583, pp. 1024-25.
[Back to Top]Tewkesbury abjured and was sentenced to carry a faggot, to wear the sign of a faggot for life and to remain in a monastery until released by the bishop of London. 1563, p. 492; 1570, pp. 1166-67; 1576, p. 997; 1583, p. 1025.
Two years later, Tewkesbury appeared before Sir Thomas More and John Stokesley. He was sentenced as a relapsed heretic and handed over to the sheriffs to be burnt at Smithfield. 1563, p. 492; 1570, p. 1167; 1576, p. 998; 1583, p. 1025.
Close(1519 - 1575) [ODNB]
Religious controversialist; historian
BCL Oxford 1543; at Louvain 1550; DCL Oxford 1554; friend of Thomas More, wrote his biography; archdeacon of Canterbury (1554 - 59); imprisoned for twelve years under Elizabeth, continued writing
In 1566 he published, under the name of Alan Cope, a large work rebutting the Magdeburg Centuries and Foxe's Acts and Monuments
Foxe accuses Harpsfield of using Sir Thomas More's authority to discredit Foxe's account of Thomas Bilney. 1570, p. 1148; 1576, p. 983; 1583, p. 1010.
Alan Cope (Nicholas Harpsfield) wrote of 24 Catholic martyrs under King Henry. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.
Close(1468 - 1549) [Kelly]
b. Canino; received a humanist education; treasurer of the Roman church 1492; cardinal-deacon 1493; bishop of Parma 1509; dean of cardinals
Pope (1534 - 1549)
Paul III promoted John Fisher to cardinal, but Fisher was executed before he could be elevated. 1570, p. 1216; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
He called a general council at Mantua to deal with heresy and the problem of the Turks. All princes were required to attend or to send delegates. 1570, p. 1234; 1576, p. 1056; 1583, p. 1083.
Paul III sent Cardinal Pole to the French king to stir him to war against Henry VIII. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1087.
Close(d. 1531) [ODNB]
born Hadleigh; Benedictine monk of Bury St Edmund's and protestant martyr
Robert Barnes, Lawrence Maxwell and John Stacy visited Bury Abbey and during the course of their visit converted Richard Bayfield. Bayfield was imprisoned in the abbey, whipped and stocked. Barnes and Edmund eventually secured his release, and he went with Barnes to Cambridge. When Barnes was arrested, Bayfield went to London, where Maxwell and Stacy kept him secretly and helped him leave the country. 1563, p. 484; 1570, p. 1161; 1576, p. 993; 1583, p. 1021.
[Back to Top]While abroad, Bayfield met William Tyndale and John Frith and sold their books and those of the German reformers in France and in England. He returned to England, was arrested, tried by Cuthbert Tunstall and abjured. He was told to return to Bury and wear his monk's habit, but fled abroad again. 1563, p. 484; 1570, p. 1161; 1576, p. 993; 1583, p. 1021.
[Back to Top]Upon his return to England, he stayed at the house of Mr Smith, where he was betrayed and arrested. He was imprisoned in Lollards' Tower, but was moved to the Coalhouse to keep him away from another imprisoned suspect, Thomas Patmore. He was severely shackled in an attempt to make him reveal the buyers of his books, but he refused. He was tried before John Stokesley, assisted by Stephen Gardiner and others. 1563, pp. 484-88; 1570, pp. 1161-64; 1576, pp. 993-995; 1583, pp. 1021-1023.
[Back to Top]Edmund Peerson presented a list of charges against Richard Bayfield, especially concerning Bayfield's praise for Thomas Arthur and Thomas Bilney. 1570, p. 1191; 1576, p. 1020; 1583, p. 1048.
William Smith was charged in London in 1531 with harbouring Richard Bayfield and other good men in his house and reading illicit books. 1570, p. 1189; 1576, p. 1017; 1583, p. 1046.
About four days before Bayfield was arrested, a boy of Colchester was charged in London with bringing books to him. The boy was imprisoned by Sir Thomas More and died there. 1570, p. 1189; 1576, p. 1017; 1583, p. 1046.
Bayfield was condemned as a heretic and suffered a lengthy burning. 1563, pp. 488-89; 1570, pp. 1164-65; 1576, pp. 995-96; 1583, pp. 1023-24.
The example of Bayfield inspired John Tewkesbury after he had abjured. 1570, p. 1167; 1576, p. 998; 1583, p. 1026.
Close(d. 1535) [ODNB]
Bridgettine monk of Syon Abbey; BA Cambridge 1506; MA 1509; BTh 1513; associate of Elizabeth Barton; denied the royal supremacy; executed in his habit for treason with 3 Carthusian priors and John Hale
Richard Reynolds and John Hale were executed with John Houghton, Robert Lawrence, and Augustine Webster. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Reynolds is one of the Catholic martyrs written of by Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.
Close(d. 1535) [ODNB sub John Houghton]
Prior of the Charterhouse of Beauvale, Nottinghamshire, and Catholic martyr
John Houghton, Robert Lawrence and Augustine Webster, Carthusian priors, were hanged, drawn and quartered for refusing to swear the oath of supremacy. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Lawrence is one of the Catholic martyrs written of by Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.
Close(1500 - 1535) [ODNB]
Member of Henry VIII's privy chamber; widowed, became a Carthusian monk in London Charterhouse; refused to accept the king's supremacy; condemned for treason; hanged, drawn and quartered
William Exmew, Humphrey Middlemore and Sebastian Newdigate, Carthusian monks, refused to swear the oath of supremacy. They were hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Close(d. 1529) [Fines]
of Martham, Norfolk; priest; burnt at Maidstone
Thomas Hitten was imprisoned by Archbishop Warham and Bishop Fisher, tortured and then burnt at Maidstone. William Tyndale mentioned Hitten in his Apology against Sir Thomas More and in The Practice of Prelates. 1563, p. 1134; 1570, p. 971; 1576, p. ; 1583, pp. 997-98.
Close(c. 1507 - 1535) [ODNB]
Carthusian monk; vicar and procurator of London Charterhouse; Catholic martyr
William Exmew, Humphrey Middlemore and Sebastian Newdigate, Carthusian monks, refused to swear the oath of supremacy. They were hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn. 1570, p. 1217; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Close[Antwarpe]
Flanders, Belgium
Coordinates: 51° 13' 0" N, 4° 24' 0" E
Close[Calyce; Calice; Calis; Callis]
Pas-de-Calais, France
Coordinates: 50° 56' 53" N, 1° 51' 23" E
CloseHounslow, Middlesex
OS grid ref: TQ 137 755
after the said fisher, to his confusion, was charged with Elizabeth Barton called the holy maid of Kent) and founde guilty by act of Parleament, as is aboue recorded. For his learning and other vertues of life, this Bishop was well reputed and reported of many, and also much lamented of some. But whatsoeuer his learning was, pitie it was, that he being indued with that knowledge, should be so farre drowned in such superstition: more pitie that he was so obstinate in his ignoraunce: but most pitie of all that he so abused the learning he had, to such crueltie as hee dyd. But thus commonly we see come to passe, as the Lorde saith: MarginaliaBloud reuēged with bloud.That who so striketh
A paraphrase of Matthew 26.52.
Close
CloseFrith was burned as a heretic on 4 July 1533.
CloseJohn Tewkesbury was burned as a heretic on 20 December 1531.
CloseThomas Hitton was burned as a heretic about 16 February 1530.
CloseRichard Bayfield was burned as a heretic on 4 December 1531.
ClosePope Paul III created Fisher the cardinal-priest of St Vitalis in May 1535. Historical speculation is that this was done in an effort to force Henry VIII to think twice about having him executed.
Of sir Tho. More some thing hath bene touched before, who was also recounted a man both wittie & learned, but whatsoeur he was beside, a bitter persecuter he was of good men, and a wretched enemie against the truth of the Gospel, MarginaliaThe lying bookes of Syr Tho. More.as by his bookes leaft behind him maye appeare, wherein most slanderously and contumeliously he writeth against
CloseFoxe is referring here to an impressive canon of works, including Responsio ad Lutherum (1523), The Supplycacyon of Soulys (1529), A Dialogue Concerning Tyndale (1529), The Confutation of Tyndale's Answer (1532), Syr Thomas More's answer to the fyrste parte of the poysoned booke … named 'The Souper of the Lorde' (1532), A Letter impugnynge the erronyouse wrytyng of John Fryth against the Blessed Sacrament of the Aultare (1533) and The Second parte of the Confutacion of Tyndal's Answere (1533).
[Back to Top]MarginaliaM. More a persecutour.Briefly, as he was a sore persecuter of them that stoode in defence of the Gospel: so againe on the otherside, such a blynd deuotion he bare to the Pope holy See of Rome, & so wilfully stoode in the Popes quarell against his owne prince, that he woulde not giue ouer tyll he had brought þe Scaffolde
CloseMore was executed on 6 July 1535.
CloseFoxe is here largely quoting directly from the 1550 edition of Hall's Chronicle (fol.226v).
CloseFoxe the prophet! More and Fisher were beatified along with about fifty other English martyrs on 29 December 1886 and both were canonized in 1935.
MarginaliaRochester, More, Exmew, Mydolemore, Nudigate, executed for treasō.The like also is to be said of the three monkes
CloseThe executions of Exmewe, Middlemore and Newdigate, all of the London house of the Carthusian order, took place on 19 June 1535.
CloseFoxe refers to a treatise entitled Dialogi sex contra summi Pontificatus, monasticae vitae, sanctorum, sacrarum imaginum oppugnatoreset pseudomartyrs (Antwerp, 1566), which was written by Nicolas Harpsfield. The Dialogi is, in part six, an attack on Foxe's Acts and Monuments which forced him into the removal of much disputed material in later editions.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaEx actis in termino Paschæ. Anno. 27. Reg. Hen. 8.In the same cause & quarrell of treason also, the same yeare, a little before these aforesaide in the moneth of May, were executed with the like punishmēt, Iohn Houghton, Priour of the Charterhouse in London, Robert Laurēce Prior of the Charterhouse of Beluaile, Austen Webster Prior of the Charterhouse of Exham.
[Back to Top]Beside and with these three Priors, suffered likewise the same time two other Priestes, one called Reignolde, brother of Syon, the other named Iohn Haile vicare of Thistleworth.
Diuers other Charterhouse monks also of Londō were then put in prison, to the number of nine or tenne,Marginalia9. Carthusians dyed in prison, refusing the kinges supremacy. and in the same prison dyed, for whom we will (the Lorde wyllyng) reserue an other place hereafter to intreate of more at large.
In þe meane time, for so much as þe foresaide Cope in his doughty Dialogues, speaking of these nine worthies,MarginaliaM. Copes 9. worthyes. doth commend them so highly, and especially the three priors aboue recited, here by the way I would desire maister Cope, simply and directly to answere me to a thing or two that I would put to him, and first, of this Iohn Houghtō that angelical Prior of the Charterhouse, his olde companion & acquaintance of whō thus he writeth:
CloseThis is from Dialogi (part 6, p.995).
Shortly after, the ouerthrow of the Pope, consequently began by litle and litle to follow the ruine
CloseFoxe may be referring to the 1536 act 'Dissolution of the Monasteries' (27 Henry VIII, c.28) or the valuation effort of 1535 which resulted in the Valor Ecclesiasticus the inadvertent first step toward the dissolutions.