bait
(OGu)
noun
pasture
OGu
GL
A 35
- ‘bait’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/439 (07/27/2024)
bakarf
(OSw)
bak arver
(OSw)
noun
ascendant inheritance
OSw
ÖgL
Äb
OSw
UL
Äb
inheritance among proximate kindred
OSw
KrL
Äb
OSw
MEL
Äb
OSw
MESt
Äb
inheritance from descendants
OSw
DL
Gb
reversionary inheritance
OSw
HL
Äb
OSw
YVgL
Äb
- ‘bakarf’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/440 (07/27/2024)
bakhærbærghi
(OSw)
noun
bake-house
OSw
YVgL
Kkb
- ‘bakhærbærghi’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/441 (07/27/2024)
bakkastokkar (pl.)
(ON)
noun
building berth
ONorw
GuL
Mhb, Leb
- ‘bakkastokkar (pl.)’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/442 (07/27/2024)
bakmæli
(ON)
noun
Back-speech, backbiting, slander. Described in Grg Misc 237 as a situation where two men slander each other with no witnesses and subsequently one of them boasts of this. The penalty for backbiting was lesser outlawry.
backbiting OIce Grg Misc 237 Refs:
CV; ONP
- ‘bakmæli’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/443 (07/27/2024)
bakvaþi
(OSw)
noun
accidental killing through a backwards blow
OSw
UL
Mb
OSw
VmL
Mb
- ‘bakvaþi’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/444 (07/27/2024)
bal
(OSw)
noun
pyre
OSw
HL
Blb
stake
OSw
BjR
OSw
KrL
Hb
Add
OSw
MEL
Hb
OSw
MESt
Hb
OSw
SdmL
Mb
- ‘bal’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/445 (07/27/2024)
balker
(OSw)
bölkr
(ON)
noun
Most significantly used of a part of a law relating to a specific subject, often subdivided into chapters (cf. flokker). Mostly, and in ON only, appearing in compounds (cf. ON -bölkr, OSw -balker).
{balker} OSw HL Blb
book OSw HL För
OSw KrL Kgb Rb
OSw MEL Kgb
section ONorw MLL Pro, Þfb
OSw UL Blb
OSw VmL Bb
section of a fence OSw ÄVgL Kkb
OSw YVgL Kkb, Utgb
- ‘balker’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/446 (07/27/2024)
ban
(OSw)
ban
(ODan)
bann
(OGu)
bann
(ON)
bann
(OSw)
noun
ban
ODan
SkBL
ODan
SkL
121
ONorw
MLL
Kab 25
excommunication
ODan
SkKL
6, 7, 11
OGu
GL
A 7–9
OIce
KRA
6, 31
ONorw
GuL
Krb
OSw
DL
Kkb
OSw
ÖgL
Kkb
OSw
SdmL
Kkb
OSw
UL
Kkb
OSw
VmL
Kkb
OSw
YVgL
Add
prohibition
ONorw
FrL
Leb 1
ONorw
GuL
Leb
- ‘ban’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/447 (07/27/2024)
banaman
(OSw)
banamaðr
(ON)
noun
slayer
ONorw
MLL
Mah 10
OSw
SdmL
Mb, Tjdb
- ‘banaman’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/448 (07/27/2024)
banaorþ
(OSw)
banorþ
(OSw)
noun
case of killing
OSw
YVgL
Drb
crime
OSw
ÄVgL
Md
OSw
YVgL
Drb
homicide
OSw
ÄVgL
Md
killing
OSw
ÄVgL
Md
OSw
YVgL
Drb
murderer
OSw
DL
Mb
- ‘banaorþ’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/449 (07/27/2024)
banaráð
(ON)
noun
advice leading to death
OIce
Jó
Mah 11
killing advice
ONorw
MLL
Mah 11
- ‘banaráð’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/450 (07/27/2024)
banasak
(OSw)
banesak
(ODan)
noun
accusation of homicide
OSw
ÄVgL
Slb
accusation of killing
OSw
YVgL
Frb
case of killing
ODan
SkBL
ODan
SkL
118, 119, 121
homicide case
ODan
JyL
2
- ‘banasak’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/451 (07/27/2024)
banavapn
(OSw)
noun
killing-weapon
OSw
SdmL
Mb
- ‘banavapn’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/452 (07/27/2024)
band
(OSw)
band
(ODan)
band
(OGu)
band
(ON)
noun
Appears in legally significant phrases such as ODan band ok stok ‘ropes and iron’ and bast ok band ‘ropes and bonds’ of lawful or unlawful detention, and OSw binda fullum bandum ‘bind someone with full ropes’ of violent abduction in breach of the king’s peace.
binding ODan JyL 2
binding relationship OSw UL Kkb
OSw VmL Kkb
bond ONorw MLL Mah 9
OSw UL Mb
OSw VmL Mb
bonds ODan ESjL 3
captive OSw HL Mb
leash OGu GL A 19
pair OGu GL A 65
rope ODan SkL 136, 163
strap ODan VSjL 87
Expressions:
band hail (OGu)
having unbroken ties OGu GL A 26
band ok stok (ODan)
ropes and iron ODan SkL 138
bast ok band (ODan)
bonds and ropes ODan JyL 2 SkL 144
tied and bound ODan SkL 112
binda fullum bandum (OSw)
bind someone with full ropes OSw MESt Eb YVgL Add
bind someone with stout ropes OSw MEL Eb
- ‘band’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/453 (07/27/2024)
banda
(OGu)
noun
The literal meaning seems to be one of an enclosure (see vebönd). In GL, however, it was a defined area of protection (griþ, q.v.): the ‘circle of peace’ or ‘security circle’ that a killer could draw to shield himself from revenge. The killer had to go and stay in the rectory or churchyard of one of the three asylum churches (at Fardhem, Tingstäde or Atlingbo) for forty days, together with his closest male relatives (father, son and brother). These would presumably have also been under suspicion. They would have been protected from attack by the imposition of a wergild (vereldi) (see værgæld) of forty marks in coin (ten marks of silver), just under half a full wergild. The killer was then to draw up a circle in which he was immune from revenge attacks, encompassing three farms, with the permission of the owners, and a church. This temporary circle (vatubanda, q.v.) was converted to a permanent one during the general period of peace and security next after Easter. During the following year, others were to negotiate compensation with the wronged family, making the offer annually over three years. If not accepted, the offer was placed with the assembly and the accused was free to go, with full wergild now payable for his life. If no offer was made, or the killer left his circle (other than to go on pilgrimage), he was outlawed, unless he paid full wergild (twenty-four marks in silver) and an extra twelve marks in silver. A Gotlander killed in his circle was compensated with half a wergild (twelve marks in silver). The exact provisions in GL seem to be unique in Scandinavian laws, but the later town law of Visby shows similarities in respect of asylum, which may be the result either of direct influence or of a common concept and there are similar provisions in Grg, in particular for outlaws attempting to leave the country. Despite being outlaws, they had asylum at certain homesteads, roads and docks. On roads it is prescribed that, when passing other parties, they are to move off the road ‘to such a distance that they could not be hit by the point of a spear’. A parallel, although not necessarily a precursor, is to be found in the Mosaic laws as exhibited in the Pentateuch (Exodus 21 v. 13; Num. 35 vv. 6−8, 11−15; Deut. 4 vv. 41−43, 19 vv. 2−4) and it was thus a very old concept, which seems to have been retained as a relic in GL. For example, the Oklunda inscription in Östergötland, dated to the ninth or tenth century, indicates that a particular killer sought refuge in a holy place (vi, q.v.) prior to making a settlement over the killing. In ÖgL there is a reference to a killer being protected from attack by the killer’s relatives in a churchyard and as early as ÄVgL killing in a church is recorded as a despicable crime, so the protection offered by holy places seems to have been a continuum.
The bandavereldi (q.v.) was the particular man price payable for killing someone within their circle of peace.
peace circle OGu GL A 9, 13, 14 Refs:
Hasselberg 1953, 277; KLNM s.v. drab; Olsen 1966, 64−65; Peel 2015, 111−13 notes to 13/7−13/23−24; Ruthström 1988, 64−75; Schlyter 1877, s.v. banda; SL GL, 254−58; Wennström 1946, 188
- ‘banda’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/455 (07/27/2024)
bandavereldi
(OGu)
banduvereldi
(OGu)
noun
wergild within the peace circle
OGu
GL
A 16
- ‘bandavereldi’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/456 (07/27/2024)
bandhail
(OGu)
adj.
fully tied
OGu
GL
A 26
- ‘bandhail’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/457 (07/27/2024)
bandi
(OGu)
noun
band (of withy)
OGu
GL
A 26
- ‘bandi’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/458 (07/27/2024)
banesar
(ODan)
banasár
(ON)
noun
death wound
OIce
Grg
Vís 107
mortal wound
OIce
Jó
Llb 58
OIce
KRA
26
wound
ODan
SkL
119
- ‘banesar’. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. http://www.dhi.ac.uk/lmnl/nordicheadword/displayPage/459 (07/27/2024)