France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

Bourbourg

Bourbourg, administrative centre of its canton, département of the Nord, was besieged in September, 1383.

French

The people of France; subjects of the French crown; French-speaking people; French troops or populations, etc.

Bourbourg

Bourbourg, administrative centre of its canton, département of the Nord, was besieged in September, 1383.

Thomas Trevet (d. 1388)

Sir Thomas Trevet (c. 1350 - 1388), a Somerset knight, probably the son of Sir John Trivet of Otterhampton. He had served with the Black Prince during the invasion of Castile, and fought at the battle of Nájera in 1367. In March 1378 he had been sent to Aquitaine with a group of men-at-arms to assist his uncle, Sir Matthew Gournay, in the defence of the duchy, but he was diverted to Spain to aid the king of Navarre in 1378. Froissart called Trivet, "a most valiant knight".

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Bourbourg

Bourbourg, administrative centre of its canton, département of the Nord, was besieged in September, 1383.

Gravelines

Gravelines (Nord), France.

Calais

Bourbourg

Bourbourg, administrative centre of its canton, département of the Nord, was besieged in September, 1383.

Bourbourg

Bourbourg, administrative centre of its canton, département of the Nord, was besieged in September, 1383.

English

The people of England; subjects of the English crown; English troops or populations, etc.

Bergues

Bourbourg

Bourbourg, administrative centre of its canton, département of the Nord, was besieged in September, 1383.

Bergues

Manuscript reading: tout

Emended reading: et tout

Manuscript reading: il

Emended reading: aprés, que il

SHF vol. 11, p. 132

Acad. royale, vol. 10, p. 252

SHF vol. 11, p. 133

Acad. royale, vol. 10, p. 253