Portugal

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

Przemyslaw Noszak, duke of Teschen

Przemyslaw Noszak, duke of Teschen (? - 1400).

Pietro Pileo da Prata, archbishop of Ravenna

Pietro Pileo da Prata (c. 1330 - 1400), archbishop of Ravenna. He was one of pope Urban VI's closest advisors and an experienced diplomat.

King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia (d. 1419)

Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia (1361 - 1419), king of Bohemia. He was crowned king of the Romans in 1378 and deposed in 1400.

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

Adam Houghton, bishop of St David's

Adam Houghton, bishop of Saint David's.

Simon Burley

Sir Simon Burley (? - executed in 1388), tutor, chamberlain and favourite of Richard II who also had great influence on the king; he was executed by the order of the Merciless Parliament in 1388.

Portugal

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

Brothers of Richard II

This refers to the half-brothers of Richard II, Thomas Holland and John Holland.

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

Scotland

Portugal

England

Island kingdom bounded to the west by the Marcher lordships and the (still contested) principality of Wales conquered by Edward I; English lordships included parts of modern south Wales (from southern Pembrokeshire through Swansea, Cardiff and on towards Gloucester in England); bounded to the north by the kingdom of Scotland, to the east by the North Sea and to the south by the Channel; included Somerset, Devon and Cornwall to the south-west. Population up to the Black Death of 1348-9 approximately 4 million souls.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

Scotland

London

London, England.

Northumberland

Diocese of Durham

Wales

Wales

River Severn

River Severn, the longest river in Great Britain at 220 miles.

London

London, England.

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)

John of Gaunt (1340-99): duke of Lancaster, son of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III, king of England, who was a pretender to the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza, eldest daughter of Pedro I, king of Castile, who died in 1369. John of Gaunt was an important person in English political and military life during the last quarter of the fourteenth century, exercising great influence in domestic and foreign policy in England during the reign of Richard II, despite periods of unpopularity and strife with his royal nephew.

King Richard II of England (d. 1400)

Richard was born on 6 January 1367 in Bordeaux. Froissart called him Richard of Bordeaux after his place of birth. He was the second son of Edward, the Black Prince, prince of Wales and Aquitaine, and Joan of Kent. After the death of his elder brother Edward in 1372, and of his father, in 1376, Richard was created prince of Wales, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester on 20 November 1376. He succeeded to his grandfather, King Edward III the following year, and became king on 22 June 1377. He reigned as king of England until 1399, when he was forced to abdicate by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke. Richard married his first wife, Anne of Bohemia, on 14 January 1382. In 1396, two years after the death of his first wife, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king, Charles VI.

Thomas of Woodstock, earl of Buckingham, duke of Gloucester (d. 1397)

Thomas of Woodstock (1355 - 1397), earl of Buckingham, later the duke of Gloucester; son of king Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. He was uncle to Richard II.

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

Plymouth

Plymouth, Devon,England.

Isabel of Castile, countess of Cambridge, duchess of York (d. 1392)

Isabella of Castile (c. 1355 - 1392), countess of Cambridge, duchess of York; daughter of king Pedro 'the Cruel' of Castile and Maria de Padilla. She married Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge, later duke of York, in 1372.

Edward of Norwich, second duke of York (d. 1415)

Called ‘Jean’ by Froissart but in fact named Edward. Edward of Norwich (1373 - 1415); killed at Agincourt), son of Edmund of Langley and his first, wife Isabella of Castile, cousin and courtier of Richard II. He inherited his father’s titles earl of Cambridge and duke of York, and he was also bestowed with the title of duke of Aumale by Richard II in 1397. He married Philippa of Mohun but they had no children.

Portugal

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (d. 1402)

Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge (1341 - 1402), duke of York; fifth son of Edward III, king of England, earl of Cambridge and later duke of York, uncle of king Richard II.

Soudan de la Trau

The soudan de la Trau, a Gascon lord, subordinate commander in the earl of Cambridge's host in Portugal in 1381.

Jean de la Barthe, lord of Aure

Jean de la Barthe (? - 1398), lord of Aure.

Gilbert Talbot, third lord Talbot (d. 1387)

Sir Gilbert Talbot (c.1332 - 1387), third lord Talbot; son of Richard Talbot, second lord Talbot, and Elizabeth Comyn. He died of pestilence in Spain during John of Gaunt's expedition to Castile.

Miles Windsor (d. 1387)

Miles Windsor (c. 1354 - 1387), son of James Windsor and Elizabeth Streech. He was not the son of Sir William Windsor, Edward III's lieutenant in Ireland, as he died without an heir (although his wife Alice Perrers, Edward's mistress, bore three illegitimate children, possibly to the king) and his inheritance went to his nephew John Windsor. Moreover Miles' father James could not have been William's full brother, either, as in that case Miles would have inherited from William Windsor.

Plymouth

Plymouth, Devon,England.

Manuscript reading: soulz

Emended reading: sour

Manuscript reading: Jehan

Emended reading: Raimons

Manuscript reading: Chandevic

Emended reading: Sandevich

Acad. royale, vol. 9, p. 384

SHF vol. 10, p. 92

Acad. royale, vol. 9, p. 385

SHF vol. 10, p. 93