Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

The cardinals

John II Palaeologus, marquis of Montferrat (d. 1371/2)

John II Palaeologus (c. 1321 - 1372), marquis of Montferrat, son of Theodore Palaeologus and Argentina Spinola; the marquisate was situated between Piedmont and Milan. John II declared war on the viscount of Milan.

John II Palaeologus, marquis of Montferrat (d. 1371/2)

John II Palaeologus (c. 1321 - 1372), marquis of Montferrat, son of Theodore Palaeologus and Argentina Spinola; the marquisate was situated between Piedmont and Milan. John II declared war on the viscount of Milan.

John Hawkwood

John Hawkwood (1323? - 1394), a famous English soldier and mercenary, son of Gilbert Hawkwood, a wealthy landowner in Essex, England. Sir John Hawkwood ended his long military career in Italy and died in 1394. Many years after his death his monument was painted by Paolo Uccello and can still be seen in the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence.

John II Palaeologus, marquis of Montferrat (d. 1371/2)

John II Palaeologus (c. 1321 - 1372), marquis of Montferrat, son of Theodore Palaeologus and Argentina Spinola; the marquisate was situated between Piedmont and Milan. John II declared war on the viscount of Milan.

France

The kingdom of France, populated up until the Black Death of 1348-9 by 12-16 millions souls and including up to the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Ile-de-France together with the apanages of Normandy, Anjou, Bourbon, Champagne, Valois, Auvergne and Languedoc, plus a number of important fiefs such as the counties of Blois, Nevers and Foix, and (from 1349) Montpellier and the Dauphiné; diminished from 1354 by the growing activity and influence in the Cotentin and other parts of Normandy of the king of Navarre, Charles of Evreux, and by English conquests resulting in an enlarged duchy of Guyenne (essentially Gascony; will become the principality of Aquitaine) stretching from the borders of the great and at times pro-English duchy of Brittany to the Pyrenees (save for the neutral county of Béarn) and eastwards to embrace the Poitou, Limousin and Rouergue (on the border with the Languedoc); Ponthieu and Guines are also in English hands. The French re-conquest under Charles V and Du Guesclin progressively drives the English from the realm, leaving them (by 1370-80) the ports of Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux and Bayonne, and a much-reduced Aquitaine. Brittany returns to French allegiance from 1365 onwards (Treaty of Guérande).

Jean de Bourbon, count of La Marche (d. 1393)

Jean de Bourbon (1344 - 1393), count of La Marche, Lieutenant General of the king of France in Limousin; second son of Jacques I de Bourbon and Jeanne de Châtillon. He became count of La Marche when both his father and his elder brother Pierre, the heir, died from their wounds after the battle of Brignais.

Antoine de Beaujeu (d. 1374)

Antoine de Beaujeu (c. 1343 - 1374), son of Edward I of Beaujeu, Marshal of France, and Marie du Thil. He fought at the battle of Cocherel, and accompanied Bertrand du Guesclin into Castile.

Spain

King Pedro I 'the Cruel' of Castile (d. 1369)

Pedro I 'the Cruel' (1334 - 1369), king of Castile, son of king Alphonso XI of Castile and Maria of Portugal. Pedro was the last ruler of the main branch of the house of Burgundy; Constanza was his second daughter with Maria de Padilla.

King Enrique II of Castile (d. 1379)

Enrique de Trastámara (1334 - 1379), king Enrique II of Castile, the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Eleanor of Guzman, half-brother to Pedro I of Castile. He proclaimed himself king of this realm in 1369 until 1379, taking the title Enrique II.

Pope Urban V (d. 1370)

Guillaume de Grimoard (1310 - 1370); he was elected pope Urban V in 1362.

John Hawkwood

John Hawkwood (1323? - 1394), a famous English soldier and mercenary, son of Gilbert Hawkwood, a wealthy landowner in Essex, England. Sir John Hawkwood ended his long military career in Italy and died in 1394. Many years after his death his monument was painted by Paolo Uccello and can still be seen in the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence.

Italy

Pope Gregory XI (d. 1378)

Pope Gregory XI was Pierre Roger de Beaufort, a Benedictine, archbishop of Rouen and pope from 1370 to 1378, succeeded pope Urban V; he was the last pope in residence at Avignon before the Great Schism that followed the election of his successor. Froissart is mistaken though. Gaston died in 1381: the pope would have been Clement VII, the first pope from the Clementine party to continue to reside in Avignon.

John Hawkwood

John Hawkwood (1323? - 1394), a famous English soldier and mercenary, son of Gilbert Hawkwood, a wealthy landowner in Essex, England. Sir John Hawkwood ended his long military career in Italy and died in 1394. Many years after his death his monument was painted by Paolo Uccello and can still be seen in the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence.

Enguerrand VII de Coucy (d. 1397)

Enguerrand VII de Coucy (1340 - 1397), lord of Coucy, only son and successor of Enguerrand VI de Coucy. Enguerrand VII was considered to be among the most skilled and experienced of French knights in the fourteenth century; he was offered twice the position of constable of France, the highest military office in France, which he refused both times. A master of diplomacy, Coucy managed to maintain both his allegiance to the king of France and to his English father-in-law Edward III during the Hundred Years' War. However, Coucy resigned all of his English honours upon the accession of Richard II on 26 August 1377.

Gian Galeazzo Visconti (d. 1402)

Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1351 - 1402), count of Vertus, duke of Milan; son of Galeazzo II Visconti and Bianca of Savoy. His marriage to the French princess Isabella de Valois brought him the title of count of Vertus with a little fiefdom in Champagne.

Lombards

Enguerrand VII de Coucy (d. 1397)

Enguerrand VII de Coucy (1340 - 1397), lord of Coucy, only son and successor of Enguerrand VI de Coucy. Enguerrand VII was considered to be among the most skilled and experienced of French knights in the fourteenth century; he was offered twice the position of constable of France, the highest military office in France, which he refused both times. A master of diplomacy, Coucy managed to maintain both his allegiance to the king of France and to his English father-in-law Edward III during the Hundred Years' War. However, Coucy resigned all of his English honours upon the accession of Richard II on 26 August 1377.

Lombards

Gian Galeazzo Visconti (d. 1402)

Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1351 - 1402), count of Vertus, duke of Milan; son of Galeazzo II Visconti and Bianca of Savoy. His marriage to the French princess Isabella de Valois brought him the title of count of Vertus with a little fiefdom in Champagne.

John Hawkwood

John Hawkwood (1323? - 1394), a famous English soldier and mercenary, son of Gilbert Hawkwood, a wealthy landowner in Essex, England. Sir John Hawkwood ended his long military career in Italy and died in 1394. Many years after his death his monument was painted by Paolo Uccello and can still be seen in the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence.

Enguerrand VII de Coucy (d. 1397)

Enguerrand VII de Coucy (1340 - 1397), lord of Coucy, only son and successor of Enguerrand VI de Coucy. Enguerrand VII was considered to be among the most skilled and experienced of French knights in the fourteenth century; he was offered twice the position of constable of France, the highest military office in France, which he refused both times. A master of diplomacy, Coucy managed to maintain both his allegiance to the king of France and to his English father-in-law Edward III during the Hundred Years' War. However, Coucy resigned all of his English honours upon the accession of Richard II on 26 August 1377.

Isabella of England (d. 1379)

Isabella Plantagenet (1332 - 1379), countess of Bedford, daughter of king Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. She married Enguerrand VII de Coucy in 1365.

John Hawkwood

John Hawkwood (1323? - 1394), a famous English soldier and mercenary, son of Gilbert Hawkwood, a wealthy landowner in Essex, England. Sir John Hawkwood ended his long military career in Italy and died in 1394. Many years after his death his monument was painted by Paolo Uccello and can still be seen in the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence.

Italy

Romans

Pope Urban VI (d. 1389)

Bartolomeo Prignano (c. 1318 - 1389) known as 'des Aigles’, Bari and chancellor of the papal curia under Gregory XI; elected pope in April 1378 in Rome, as Urban VI. Died in October 1389.

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Rome

Rome, Italy.

Romans

Sylvestre Budes

Sylvestre or Silvestre Budes (c. 1310 - 1380), a Breton mercenary captain; for his service with Louis of Anjou, Bertrand du Guesclin and Henry of Trastámara. Valois notes that he was the cousin of Bertrand du Guesclin.

Bretons

Sylvestre Budes

Sylvestre or Silvestre Budes (c. 1310 - 1380), a Breton mercenary captain; for his service with Louis of Anjou, Bertrand du Guesclin and Henry of Trastámara. Valois notes that he was the cousin of Bertrand du Guesclin.

Rome

Rome, Italy.

Rome

Rome, Italy.

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

City of Mâcon

Mâcon (Saône-et-Loire), France

Guillaume Boileau

Guillaume Boileau, a squire serving in Silvestre Bude’s mercenary company.

Guillaume Boileau

Guillaume Boileau, a squire serving in Silvestre Bude’s mercenary company.

Romans

Avignon

Avignon, on the river Rhône, administrative centre of the Vaucluse département. Seat of the Avignon papacy from 1309 until 1378 and, subsequent to that, seat of the first two 'clementine' popes: Clement VII and Benedict XIII.

Jean de la Grange, cardinal of Amiens

Jean de la Grange, a Benedictine, was bishop of Amiens, and was made a cardinal in 1376.

Antipope Clement VII

Antipope Clement VII; born Robert of Geneva (1342 - 1394), son of Amadeus III, count of Geneva and of Matilda, daughter of Robert VII, count of Boulogne and Auvergne, grandparent of King John II of France. He became bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and cardinal in 1371. He was elected at Fondi in 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI as pope Clement VII, and became the first antipope of the Great Schism. Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than enumerated as a pope, and the name Clement VII was used by a 'legitimate’ 16th-century pope. Clement resided at Avignon. Froissart speaks of him as the 'true’ pope and of his enjoying the support of the king of France amongst others. He died in 1394.

Jean de la Grange, cardinal of Amiens

Jean de la Grange, a Benedictine, was bishop of Amiens, and was made a cardinal in 1376.

Jean de la Grange, cardinal of Amiens

Jean de la Grange, a Benedictine, was bishop of Amiens, and was made a cardinal in 1376.

Manuscript reading: Montferrant

Emended reading: Montferrat

Manuscript reading: tous

Emended reading: tousjours

Manuscript reading: resgnaulx

Emended reading: regnans

Manuscript reading: Rommes

Emended reading: Fondes

Manuscript reading: pour tant que il faissoient

Emended reading: pour tant que dou temps que il faissoient

Acad. royale, vol. 9, p. 156

SHF vol. 9, p. 157

Acad. royale, vol. 9, p. 157