The Hartlib Papers

[hand Y]               Irish Improvements/

[upside down, Dymock's hand:]    A proposition about

                                 planting of Quinces

                              (1)

Galls     I haue seldom seen any grow on the okes of Ireland perhaps others haue: In[S capitalizes] could and barren places of Wales I haue.

Gardains I cannott commend any here very much when I thinke of the Gardains of England and other places but here are som few that endeauored to do sum small matter. When[S capitalizes] the plantacion is more forwards that is when Howses Barnes Stables when fences trees Quicqsetts and Kitching Gardins are in som good order <S: then &> nott till then will the most desirous apply themselues to the care of procuring such delicates. The incommodity of sitting downe on waste lands when there is noe wood nor artificer in many miles is nott to bee apprehended but by them that try.

Geese     Noe greate flockes noe greate profitt I sayd before the woonded wild Goose associate and breed with tame and the Broode becomes tame but since I haue learned that wild also doe breed on som wild places on the seacoast but I am confident the twentith parte of the vast multitude we soe hear are nott bred hear. The Dutch that wintered in noua Zemla will tell yow of an Island thereabout where they beleeue that all are bred.

Glass     Bego a french man here made before the warr very good Glass of all kinds in the Kings County, and now the Lord President of Connaght Sr Charles Coote & he hath for this 3 years don so againe but none so fine are now made more I canott say.

Glew      Som litle made here of sheeps feete and shauinge, some litle of fish

Gnatts    We haue I suppose nott so many as England nor of flyes because we haue nott so much wood Quicqsetts & bushes especially by the highwayes.

Goates    In shrubby & woody Countryes Great store. The Irish rekon fower Goates for vse worth a cow but nott in the markett. they Kid in January February & March and I thinke neauer but one att a tyme I know no vse made of their Hayer.

Goshawk   I haue sayd somwhat before I say now they timber very seldom within the land but make their aries in Rocks and Islands vpon the Sea Coastes Where they fayle nott to haue sea fowle with ease and in a bundance to prey on the most I supose you to haue in England

                              (2)

Com from hence younge. an English falconer[altered] wil best answear the remaining queryes.

Greyhounds Here are English for the most but the great Irish Greyhound or the Woolfe Dogg is a peculiar Dog to Ireland. An[altered from And] English ordinary mastyf will beate the greatest and stoutest <S: as> I haue often seen & will deale better with a woolfe, but that they cannott run so well. The Irish Greyhound is more modest and nott so lustfull[altered from hurtfull] as other Doggs. the Irish account nott halfe so much of them that haue but six teeth before (that is betweene their fang teeth) as one that haue seauen.

Grapes    In som countyes they are so ripe that they are sweete and lushious

Grashopers Few <S: and> I haue remember[S alters from remembred] neuertheless <S: none> here but a smale [S: green] one

Grass     I haue taken soe litle notice of it in a philosophicall way that I can say litle of itt only that in the warr tyme we judged it to be a <S: that long &> Knotted Grass caled scutch Grass which grew in the top in an intangled fashion and <S: on> the wast Grass that is gras vpon Grass to be as good for fatninge and as pleasant to a Horse as allmost Hay & oates could bee, and our Horse will <S: would> serch about for it. it was sayd to be trifoyle and I and I beleue it that pierced through the [S: foggy gras vpon gras.]

Growse    Greate store here on Heathy and moorish land and much of a woodcock couler their flesh as browne as a stock [word deleted] Doue excepting the Braine <S: brawne>

Hares     Very many here and more there would be but that the foxes devour them.

Hawkes    I haue sayd all that I can in the letter <S: title> of the Birds of the prey.

Hedghogs some few here People complaine of the pricking and sucking their Cows vdders and <S: they> feeding on Aples Crabs and in <S: &c> Their[S capitalizes] flesh is very good meate rosted or baked In my taste and others that are most fanciful as choyce as venison if fatt. I haue eaten

                              (3)

Often of them with delight skins only vsed for calues noses to keepe them from <S: sucking> the Cowes

Hemp      Little sowed in Ireland though the old lawes of plantacion here obliged men to plant a certain quantity euery year

[S: Hernshaw] Som few here

Herrings Taken from Iuly to Nouember all about Ireland. On the western Ocean[S alters from ?] side <S: are> the Greatest and fattest they grow presently out out of season when they haue spaned

Hills     [another hand begins:] County of wicklow a little way from the shore all hilly soe kerry soe er Connaght and [the? altered] [owles?] in Conaght soe the County of donagoale in ulster

Hobbies   few of the race left and I thinke if there be any <it is> in the wilde and [space] w stood. in County of wicklow I haue beene att the Caching of some of that stood which wee tooke by hunting them into bogs till they were bogd but these were large horses at lest all that I haue seen

Holly     In som great woods there are store but none bigg the wood is usd as other hard and smooth wood and some doe say that logh neagh they lay it hewed and fitted before to   [space] soe it <and> become [hones?] I haue had a peece that haue beene black and firme [hone?]. all but one end and that hath been Ragged and easily broken and white like a peece of rotten holly the rine they make bird lime of. but rarely heere for want of skill to order it.

Honey     Noe great quantity both for the moisture of the Contery and want of skill and Care but that which is gotten out of the well couered hives and [word deleted] Iounge stocks is as good as any

Hops      The Contery aforeds some small quantity of indiferent good but there is want of poles for heere were there are woods the Irish cut up all younge houses treese for wattlings of houses and such <like> [blot] use and neglect <to> plant them in this windy Country In places well sheltered and I thinke want of Care and skill makes it that Ireland hath noe store of natiue hops

Horleck   Loghs abound with such as are usuall and vsually to be had [catchword: in Ingl]

IPothycarys shops in Ingland but heere a greate faire hors leech with yellow and golden spots. that is the best and far more usfull I haue freinds that haue sent for them 80. or .90. mile from logh neagh Killkenny though they are to found in ther places

Iacdaws   Greate stour heere as of Rookes and ash colored Crowes. Kites and Ravens. which consume a greate deale of corne and no care taken yet to destroy them.

Islands. Gr many upon the coast and faire ones with good harbours in some and good ridinge under most. most of which I haue vewed and finde that waggener hath done pretty well, but he mist alls them frequently. heere are Islands in loghs that are great. large. delightfull and fruitfull in the Islands of Logh leny or leany in Kerry. the strawberry [steers?] or Caine apple doth grow on the edges of Rocks hanginge over the water. and very rarely in other places but some after many tryalls haue bin [braught? altered] to grow in gardens heer heer in some places. the skillfull doe take up faire orientall pearles. out of a shell that is ovall like the hors mussle abundance of seedy pearle

Junyper trees I know not treese but that in some Islands of the forsaid logh our boatemens haue told me of faire Juniper trees but it grows on the sea coasts in many places whether beaten and like firs and <or> lyes on an mountane of wals that[altered] is Close as if often cut with garden sheares

                              L

Good store and very greate ones in many places especially about athlone bridge. [theire?] season in may Iune Iuly and August

Licorish In some gardens and will grow in many places here

Lime      M Limestone most ofe the Land of Irland abounds with it & In some places especially [two mund?] and the Islands of ArRen. It lies open like an ill paved streete soe that about Killanome they steall earth from theire neghbours to cover theire Rocks and in Arren yow may Call it marble for it pollishes and worketh as well. it lifes <all> over the Island like the squared greate stones of some large buillding fallne downe in as good order as a [brcklayers?] new molded brick

(5)

Kine      The Cattel are fatter and sooner fatt both in winter and summer then in any other grounde though theire feedeing be nothing els almost then what they [picc?] from betwene these stones <&> that like a smale young rush in Arann close by the coast an anchoring place there is an incredible quantitie of greate flags <stones> six seauen or eight inches thick .7. 8. or 9 foot broade and som aboue 20 foot long, loose, as one would iudge layd vpon others, makeing as itt weare a pauement round about the foart. This stone <is> well wrought[altered] and polished easilie, I perswaded som Merchiants that had vnloaded wines at Galloway and wanted fraight to take in of them for graue stones and other vses att London and some haue don itt with profitt for they gett them squared and trimed there at cheape rates, Limestone is hard to breake and burne, <in som places> in other places easie som haue vsed Lime to enrich theire ground as they do in wales, but I know not with what success

Ling      Is taken in all places but spareingly except on the weasterne oceanside where it is more great. and better then in the rest. the fish is not soe thick as organ <S: orkny> ling yet in eating seemes to me as good

Lisards   Here is a smale & seldome seene speckled [S: Newt] which will bite, & a little venum seemes to be in itt by the symtomes

Loghs     here are many and great: as in Vlster Logh Eearne and loagh Neagh: in Conaght Loag Coirb & logh ogary, Loagh mask[S alters from malk] Logh Allin Logh Rey in the Shannun there are loagh Rey <S: Ree> and loagh Derg In linster I remember none like these . In Munster loagh Lenney afore sayd and many others: they are full of large and fruitfull Ilelands and in them many monesteries churches hermitages[S alters from hermatages] and Castels. The most nauigable is loagh neagh as I suppose, the logh Earne & those in the shannun and many others are nauigable for boats but they haue many sholes and rocks

Lobsters the Lobsters on the weasterne Coast differ from these in the mediterranian, in that they are greater and haue noe such great Clawes as these haue, all I think in summer tyme cast as also Crabs their Coats att full or new moone & within three days haue new hardened shels

[Maccamboy?] At a distance when it flowreth[S alters from floreth] it looks like<TRANS SWITCH="2"></TRANS> almost<TRANS SWITCH="1"></TRANS> ripe or flowering Arsmart, [word deleted] neerer itt hath som what thin <still> like Arsmart somwhat like the leaues of mesereon[S alters from ?], somwhat like spurge it grows not only by [S: in Kerry] but most part of weasterne and southerne of Monnster I perswaded my seruant and guide in this last moneth of Iuly coming ouer slewloher for six or seauen hours, to hould a good quantitie in theire hands, som of it being bruised, which they did, and layd more in theire bellies and vnder them to theire skin, and as they sate in the saddel and it wrought noe effect at all, nor made any alteracion on them

(6)       I haue bin tould strange things of the efficasie of itt as that to lay itt vnder the pillo of ones sleepeing itt will purge him and draw his mouth awrie that houlding itt in ons hand four or fiue minits would doe the like that throne into the priuies (of these steepell-like Irish Castels) which are in the topp of the houses that <S: it> would worke either ouer as barme or leuin or if itt neare <neuer> <S: were> stoped[S alters from stopeth] itt would burst the wall[S alters from wale], but I beliue noething of itt.

Macarels taken every where: But[altered] <S: but> at Clagan Bay and betwne itt and the Iland bofin caled in waggenner boche or horshe: my pilot[altered] that liued there assured me that offten they haue taken great numbers of them with theire nets which I beliue because I haue seen b great ripeling there of the water where theire sculs are: That they are very many together like as herring or pil<c>hard pilchard [S: may thence be concluded.]

Madder    som little planted in gardens som wild on bancks by the sea syde

Marble    There is in most part of Ireland A [word deleted] <S: courser> black or dark Marble which will be well wrought and polished & is vsed for building and makes good lime, there is a good black marble at Kilkeney and another at linbrick with white Cirkels and semicirkels and other white spots in itt and the Marble of Aran and other places is black and in many places very good, the and there is noe neede to dig deepe for itt they haue it in som hils: but cheefely in champiant land.

Mannure <S: Marle> is found in most parts of Connaght and in other parts and places I think more rarely: I haue seene in one peece of land white in abundance blew & read mixt, and good black Marle[S alters from Marble] but these <S: this> latter are <is> rare: the white needs not aboue a spade or tow diging to com to itt although for the most part it is weaker yet I haue seene [groudn?] as I was enformed that had bin last marled[S alters from marble] 11. or 12 years before, with white: and yet had as rich corne on itt as I think I euer beheld, and they had Marled[S alters from Marbled] it formerly and made noe scruple[altered] in these parts of Marleing[S alters from Marbleing] itt when they needed it againe, but heere if they find as often they doe a sand hill in they Clay feilds they manure the land with itt note the sand is almost euery grayne of a blackish colour and runs as the sand of an hour glas but hath a grayne like onion or muster seede, som great stones and many pubels are found amongst the sand

mastif    all of English breed & they degenerate & grow into a lesser kinde here.

match     none made here; but some little by the Irish in theyr extreme great need, which was very bad for so much as I saw of it

mines     Here are diuers but yet cannot well be looked after <measure> In my late iourny which was 4 or 500 miles in crossing a great Bay one brought me to a great clif [word deleted] over the sea from which he took a piece stone all like brasse or wheele lock stone which I shall send you. Note, here were store of seawater greene [right margin:] stones which long since I haue bin told are to make [covers?] or [word illeg]

measure   [previous hand resumes] for land is by a statute with a pearch or pole of 21 foot so that that an aker irish containes English .1.6198 measure for corne other things are english statute measure:

Medlers   onely in gardens

Merlins   Many airyes here I sae once an ary bought for 4^d many tymes for 12^d

Mines                 som of seuerall kinds

Moals     none liue here, the piannet and the Knightingall perhaps will liue here but I think not breede, I haue seene Toads brought aliue 70 mile vnto this land which had liued many days but for want of foode or water looked withered and leane these weare by command killed to prevent breeding

mud       sea mud I haue not seene used to enrich land but sea sand frequently carryed farr into the inland Countyes. Mud of ditches I see vsed. it is reckned one [S: compost] of the best.

Muskmelon with care coms to som perfection

Orchards before the wars in many parts there were good ones but in this Country[S alters from County] where thirtie yeers peace[S alters from space] will not perfect and repaire the ruins of the warr most haue bin destroyed and the rest ouer groen

Ospray    Is a great bird larger then a Kite with a longer reach <neck> and leggs winged like a Mew, most white, something gray is a uery great deuourer of fish seldom strikes but brings vp a fish I haue stood one a bridge and seene him take vp a pike of twenty six inches long but soe soe slowely[altered] and in <S: with> such difficulty he mounted againe by reason of the pikes [S: weight] & strugling in the ayre it selfe that with my shoughting shee let fall on the land by Me the pike which shee had stroke quite through the neere the head, and <S: through> the bellie,. I haue seene her airie in a tree in the wood I haue seene none tame, [S: nor heard or]

Otters    <S: many> here I haue seene one the shannon in rowing lesse then halfe a mile twenty young and ould, theire skins at the first hand is worth fiue shillings

Owles     In Irland[S alters from Eireland] like English, but they doe not howle but squeake horsly

Parks     before the wars very few: The Earle of Ormond Klonrikard[altered from Kleanrikard], Toomund

(8)

Toomund & Cork, Sir Robert King and som few others had parks and in them[altered] red and falowed deere but all planted within 50 or 60 yeers

Partridges a stranger in Conought vntill a while before the warr

Patricks purgatory is fully described in a printed book then made which if you want I hope to procure itt for you <S: if you desire it>

Pearls    In loughleny in Kerry and some few other places. <S: Here the booke leaues R but you will find it againe>

Blackslate and broune both of one vse in physick <S: abounding here>

Snow      I haue seene snow in the mountaines by Dublin <in [Iune? altered]> and in the great snow which fell in the beginning of Ianyuary 1634 continued not quite dissolved till Aprill but vsualy snow continues but 2 three or foure days exspecially within 8: or 9. mile from the sea

Spa       The Irish tell wonders of the cures donn att four wels dedicated to Bride Patrick and St Sunday,

Sparagus growes well in som gardens,

Sparowes: builds theire nests about houses [S: but here more frequently in bushes]

Sparrow hawk here are multitudes easily tamed taken with striking at a broken looking glass in the spring of the yeere, and if the shee haue egs then in her shee neuer lays them but they rot in her body and after a while shee dies with itt.

Squireles somm here are

Starch    is in a smale quantitie made here

Steele    some <was> made att Sir Iohn Dunbars Iron work among his good iron while he had bogg mine to mix with the other meltings

Storks    none

Sturgeon som taken att Dundalk but seldom I know not but I thinke none is any other place

Strawberies ripe and Raspberries in the woods in abundance in many places in of Ireland

Sycamores grow whereeuer the keyes fall in Land that is bare of gras and people tread them

Teales    great store of them as indeed of all other fowle in Ireland they are best in season and fatt in frost

Tids      Described by Doctor Boat they rise not in anywhere aboue 12: or 13 foote as I can find but when they are driuen in by great winds <S: I haue bin curious to know it>

Timber    the oake is cheefe but many yeares eare it be sesoned it is heuier <S: heavier> always then any other <S: country oke.>

Trees     here grow fir trees and kane apple trees in som woods the trees that will grow in England with difficulty I think would better grow here though not soe fructfully <S: <fructify> or ripen soe well, because though this Country be not soe hott in sommer yet it is not so could in winter. It is the could that kils them and therefore the want of some degrees of heate hinders them not from growing, though from ripening.>

Trouts    In Lough=herne a trout of 39: or 40 inches long with a deepe belly biger than any salmon hath bin taken, I haue seene itt truely delineated by a paynter, and I haue seene one not .6. inches less and many of 28: and 29 inches long and for smale trouts they are here in such abundance that it is almost incredible but that where they haue a grauelly bottom and free from the company of pikes.

Turff     som is light and soone burnt & commonly lies aboue. The other is heauie black and lies at the bottom that is 12 spads (or foot) deepe they begin always here with a new pitt which seldom takes any quantitie of water in too or three days, [4 words deleted] <S: commonly not> in much longer tyme Traces are found of all sorts <S: in them> and oftentymes other wood as well as firre

[pointing hand drawn in left margin]   More of the letter: P:

Perches   I think there are none in Ireland

Perry     I think none made <S yet> in Ireland

Pikes     au the riuers and loughs abound with <S: them> som haue bin taken aboue 5 foot long.

pilchard fishing all along the coast till from Cork till you pass Bofin they fish from Iuly to October neere the shore for the hewerse <S: headers?> that is the spies walk the hils and see where the sea is rough with them & <S: haue?> som other signes & giue notice with A wast <S: waft> to the boates att sea to goe thither. The charge and hazard is great: for a bad season and other accidents makes an adventurer loose aboue an <5> hundred pounds, in a season they transport theire fish to Itally spaine and Burdeau or Rockel, or som place <S: in the mediteraenean & sometimes the oile.>

[pipestanes?] are great destroyers of wood but a quick commoditie many goe hence

plouers   in season when they flock that is about the first could weather. fatt when frost and dry wether, leane when moyst comes. the one hath three clawes and the other foure

Plowland is generally in an hundred 100 <S: Irish> acres in somm there are more acres, in other fewer

Poplur    wh wee haue the ordinary but not the able <S: your> tree [S: Abel. but wish it]

Pork      Irish must needs be good they feed wild and roote without ringing vpland and meddow [S: & wood]

Porpase   or herring hogs theire cheefest tyme is summer when skuls of Mackarels herrings and <S: &c> are by the shore then hundreds of them may <be> seene sporting on the water but neuer <S: almost vnles> a little space before a storme I haue kiled one aleven foot long my Irish boatemen <S: did> eate him like a fatt poark for soe he lookes: salted and broyled smels like a bacon when the flesh is broyled

Potatos   Sir Walter[S alters from Will^.?] Raiwhlie[altered from Raighlie] first brought them here and tobacco. They are most part of the poors foode euery one hath his potato garden which grow with cours diging and trenching the ground from the wett, sowed in march taken <S: vp> in september <S: or> October November: keepe them dry and besides they seede in the ground, sow som of them preserued ones, you may cut them in to so many parts as there are eyse <S: eies> and every one of them sowed serues for a whole potato

Gunpowder here is so little ground kept dry that wee haue very little <S: Peter>

pumpions one weighed that grew at Elphiny a cold & black <S: bleak> hill weighed 5[^ol?] great store are here and they grow with ease

Quailes   great store

Quickset thy take <S: hawes> in sept oct & keepe them from wet & rayne on a heape and after they are sprouted (which is their fermentation) they put them in ground in a rope of rotten hay, or bury them in a hogshead till spring and take them out [letter deleted] caked like sprit corne & sow them in small [word deleted] lumps, <S: but best in Autum following> but he that would plant quicsets got in the wood must to <S: lose the> hide bounde barke hath trimed <S: after that they haue> theire tops <S: trimmed> bury them till all but some little be couered in good ground <arden> mold for 15 or 20 dayse then will itt com from the ground like a greene willow <left margin: impreg> <S: impregnate and> grow more in one yeare than otherwise <S: it> would haue don in 2 or 3. & yeeld a thick shoot & a great thick & succulent leafe like a maples this I haue obserued in mine one practise and doe hope eare march to plant 1800 or 2000 foot of ground <S: soe.> but I would be glad to learne better wayse.

Railes    coloured betwixt <S: thrush> quaile & woodkock collor. they abound ouer all Ierland from Mid Aprill till august then noe more to be seene, they loue to flie but little but runn, it is the gaime most easie to be found most easie to be taken with a hawk the spaniel alone will hunt her to death, <S: she is> big as a black bird, I haue tould you former <S: in> former papers of them

Rapeseed sowne as I heare not onely on sea mash & medow but on vpland sold here for 12^s a barel

Rasors    8 or 9 inches long taken by Dublin in abundance, a very sweet & [hard?] fish it is

Rasps     very great plenty in feelds and woods free from with <S: spiders> which yours are plagueed with

Rats      came but of late to many places [S: in Ireland. They wolues crowes] & rooks <S: abound> very much [S: since] the warr [S: but rooks most of all without care [4 words deleted] taken to destroy them]

Red deare good store in parkes but most wild

Redherring made at Dublin and other places

Riuers, Rodes partly described by D boate and Wagoner. [S: Fuller & more perfet is to be expected]

Rookes    The yong flaied are good meat, so if made in steaks boiled with Bacon, roasted baked. but always flaied.

Russetings many heere <S: trees> in Eirland

Saffern   I know of none now but som hath growne in gardens

Salmon    I am afrayd to tell you what I haue heard lest I be iudged A lier but I will say what I haue heard often by diuers that in the Ban riuer by[S alters from in] Coolraine they haue drawne 38 barels many <S: yea> hogsets at a draught I think all the riuers of Europ yeeld not soe much as the riuers of Eirland I giue the reason because there are more with greater fales or leapes which they alwayse choose to swim <S: spawne> in. They are in seuerall riuers & in season almost all the yeere [S: in one place or another, and think it no paradox.]

Salt      Is both here made and reuiued <S: refined>

Saltpeter little heere but here might be much gotten[s alters from gote] out of the ould clay wales in this Country which are dry within & all gray with peter & many[S alters from may] of them <S: haue admitted> noe wet [S: in many 20 or 30 yeares & are some of them 4 or 5 foot thick]

Sampire   on rocks in the sea abundance, I haue gathered summ this summer on the rocks within the fort of dunkannan vpon the rock which the sea doth but sum tymes wash which is the place & condicion of sampires growing.

Sand      noe such place but sea hils which haue sea rushes growing out of them very thin

Sauin     grow here if planted

Sea [S: aire] I haue sayde what a scuruie disposition it brought vpon my freind traeling with me. read that it suffers noe trees to prosper <S: well>

Seacole   here is som found [S: <nere Kilkenny> & more wilbe I hope]

Shelfish Lobsters Crabs Oysters Mussels, Cockel, Rasor, Periwinkel Skallops in abundance

Shelues   [S: the great sands called the grounds along the coast of Wicklow [Waterford? blot] of which Dr Boat in his naturall history.]

Wesels    store of great and little, the little ones are made very domestica.. <S: domesticall> they goe vp and downe the houses and kill rats in abundance, but that which Kirker in his Magnet <S: ? treatises speakes of at large weare <S: were> worth notice in England <S: viz> of the Enmity betwne itt & a toade and of the fight when euer these meets which ends in the certaine death of the wesel.>

Whales    often cast vp on the coast of Ireland[S alters from Eirland] in great stormes

Whitings great store euerywhere this summer [word deleted] <S: crossing> ouer [S: Dingle] bay to Valentia at the entring of the sand <S: sound> the fisher men which carried me cast theire lines for an hours space which was all the tyme I gaue them they drew vpp as fast as they could <S: [vere?] & hale>

Winds     In Ireland[S alters from Eirland] is more visited then I beliue any other great Eiland expecially towards the ocean but the most frequent is west & southwest [S: which seldom faile to be attended with raine.]

Woodcoks great plenty I haue bought 12 redy <S: newly> taken for 8^d it is incredible what quantities are taken in the parish of Clounish and there about in Vlster

Wood      In many <S: nay> most parts of Eirland the woods haue bin destroyd to serue Iron works and now euery day are soe wasted they get good and rich Arable pastasture <S: pasture> where the wood haue bin

Woolfe    great store now though I beliue att the beginning of the war there wat not fore <S: 8> Cupple left in Eirland they catch them with dogues pittfoles and trapes like foxtrapes. I am <S: halfe> perswaded that they doe gratifie som townes for they are <S: their> spareing to hunt them with forebearing[S alters from borbearing] with theire cattle which they know also, <S: &> they keepe off other wolfs from them. It is reported that they doe soe att Breze[S alters from Breazard] a toune in the County of Maio and that often they will com among the cattle without touching them and com vnto the [toune faded] and houses for meat which is presantly giuen them by the people This from noe vaine persons and many such storys wee haue of theire indulgence to som persons & theire cattle

                             Finis

I haue bin a great stranger to such bookes as haue bin published by Mr Hartlib [2 lines deleted] within this few dayes I haue read 3 or 4 times ouer the legacy; & the designe for plenty &c, imparted by the truly honorable Lady Ranelagh. In <On> the legacy defects of English husbandry Dr Boat notes blacklead in Wales. He is grossely mistaken. For the place where the d some privat Dutch for many years haue driven a secret trade is Aber <which is> profitable is Aberdovy betweene Merionethshire and Cardigan & <who> having sold of here [word deleted] all sorts of [ware?] or left it there in theyr factory, I haue knowne that they seldome carrie any other thing back but Lead Ore or sow Lead which was all the yeare long brought from some mines neare the silver mine to that theyr factory. And this [left margin:] I dare boldly affirm is Dr Boats blacklead. I know almost euery creek & cove along & within the coast of wales & therfore make bold to [sueare? faded and altered] it.

                  M. Symner