The Hartlib Papers

Title:Letter, Henry Oldenburg To Hartlib, With Enclosure
Dating:5 July 1659
Ref:39/3/25A-27B
Notes:Transcribed in logical not numerical sequence.
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  Sir<sub>/                              </sub>Paris the 5 july 1659
Hauing left untouched some of the Q. inclosed in yours from the 30. May, I shall first say a few words to them, and then answer your last.    There is no doubt, but the vulgar among the Mahometans beleeue no less the foolish miracles of their Prophet, than the ignorant laymen among the Papists beleeue those of their Saints, some of which yeeld not a whit in ridiculousnesse to those.   The Iesuits plot about stealing the Tombe of Moses passeth here for a tale, and if they be not more cunning than the Divell, I beleeue, they will, if they should haue such a dessein, no lesse be disappointed in finding it, than He. The Greek Christians of Mount Athos, which are a sort of monks, are reported by all to be of an exemplary <external> holines, and temperance, simplicity; hauing about 24. monasteries on that mountaine, being in number between 5. and 6. thousand, neuer eating any flesh, and in Lent abstaining from fish that haue blood. They earne their living by their hands, going forth in the morning very early out of their cloisters, with their tooles about them; and a knapsack on their shoulders, stored with biscuit and onions: working each for the maintenance of their monastery, some digging and dressing vines, some felling trees, other building ships etc. They doe certainly shame the Popish monks, who are [deletion] swarms of idle bellies, pondera terra inutilia, fruges consumere nati; but, who knows, what their multitude, being <already> by a great many of their owne belief looked upon as an intolerable burthen to the poor people, may occasion in time?                             
<H?: #> Concerning the librairies of [several words deleted]<Asia and America>, I find in Sandys his Trauels that the Abyssins haue among them the goodliest library in the world, where many books, that are lost with us, or but meerly mentioned, are kept entire; which he saith to haue been lately reported by a Spanish friar, that hath seen them. And the late Peireskius had correspondence in Egypt with some, or rather the learned Rhodius at Padua, who got from thence an Arabian book De animalibus, and the Ritualia of the Cophthits, and that <precious> volume of the 4. Euangelists, written in the same Cophtique tongue etc. which Salmasius is persuaded to be more ancient than the Syriaque or Arabian, and consequently better. They say, there is at the Escurial in Spaine a braue Library, which belonged formerly to the king of Marocco; but was carried thither by the fraud of a Christian man of warre, to whom the said king had entrusted it, when he was forced to fly out of his kingdom, for to transport it into France, whither he thought to retire.   Olearius in his voyage of the Levant affirms, that at Ardebil in Persia, the city of the sepulchers of the Persian kings, there is in a vault a huge and excellent library, consisting all in manuscrits, most Arabian, and some Persian and Turkish, bound in Spanish leather, couered with lames of gold and siluer, most historians and philosophers. <H?: #>
  No question, but the Great Turk is an Ennemy to learning for<in regard of> his subjects, because he finds it his advantage, to haue such a people, on whose ignorance he may impose. Whence it is, that he will indure no printing, being of this opinion, that printing and lear-
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ning, especially such as is found in universities, haue b are the chief fewell of division among Christians. Whence he binds his priests to no more, than to be able to read the Alcoran, and to interpret it in Turkish. Though I heare, that they begin to giue themselues somewhat to the study of philosophy, Astronomy and poetry. <H?: />    But I come to your last letter from 13. june, and thank you for the care about sending me those desired books, which MyLady Ranelagh assureth me are committed to an English Gentleman, on his way hither. I haue found D'Arcons of the Flux and reflux of the Sea, and bought him for to transmit him to you by the first sure friend, I shall meet with. I find, the same Author hath printed another book, containing many Interpretations of the Apocalypse; together with the future ruine of the Turkish Empire by the king of France; as also the Heresys of these times, whence shall rise Anti Christ. This latter book I haue not seen yet, but am promised it, though I look for no great matter from it, considering the sillines of the title.    As for Mr Bresseaux, the opticall workman, he is knowne here to be no great master, and esteemed to be one of those, that talke of more than they well know, and promise things, they neuer performe.   Seing you care not much for the philosoficall discourses of our Clubs, you are not to looke for many reall Experiments from Frenchmen. I send you here inclosed a Chymicall proces <of vitrioll> (in acknowledgement of the secret you sent me, which shall not loose the name of a secret for me) And intreat you, to communicate it to none, but noble Mr Boyle, who, I am sure, upon my desire will it [impart?] it to none but MyLady Ranalaugh, which is a person, that can keep a secret as well, as any I know. I pray, present with this paper my very humble services to Mr Boyle, to whom I haue written twice since his to me from the 18. March. which I hope, he hath both receaued.   Here passed lately through this towne that Dutchman, Rhegius, of whom I wrote formerly to you from Monpelier, expressing his Experience in Chymistry. If I were as rich, as I am poore, certainly I would engage that man in my service, but <yet> first assure myselfe of his fidelity in his discoveries and operations. He assureth to haue the proces of making an Excellent Sulfur of venus, of a pleasing taste and admirable vertues: as also the way of making drawing the Spirit of salt of Tartar etc. whereof he will disclose nothing <but> for great sums of mony. He is gone, I think, for Ipers, which is his home.        I shall be very glad to share of what intelligence you receaue from Dr Horne and others of those parts; and
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rejoyce, that Mr Dymox his invention is reall and practicable, which I can persuade to nobody here.   If Mr Dalgarnos papers speake only of his dessein for an universal [letter deleted] caracter, without particularising the manner thereof, I think, it will be no news to me; and I haue more confidence in Dr Wilkins for the compassing it to usefulnes, than In any other.      Of Mr Doujat I shall giue you an account by my next, God willing.      I pray, doe me the fauor, and desire somebody, that hath an interest in Mr Barlow, whom I suppose to continue still the Library-keeper at Oxford, to inquire of him, whether these 2. books, that follow are in the Library of Oxford <just> with these titles <and the place and year of their impression,>, and what inscriptions they haue ad calcem <and in what forme they are>:
     1. Iohannes Przibram de Professione fidei Catholicæ et errorum revocatione, Moguntiæ, 1449.
     2. Compendium Iuris Canonici, Argentinæ, 1460.
I intreat you to hasten with this information, as much you can; and to procure also from the same Mr Barlow a copy of Oratio Funebris Caroli Aretini habita à Leonhardo Aretino:   It is a Parisian Gentleman, that desireth very much to haue it, being assured, that it is in the Bodlejan Library at Oxford, and offring to pay for it, what the copying of it may coste.   This can be no great matter; and a poore Schollar will be glad to get a piece of mony for making a copy hereof, and I shall not faile of repaying for these paines.     As for publique news, there is very litle at present, only that the Cardinal is far advanced in his voyage towards the Frontiers of Spaine, and the king is gone with his mother to Fontainebleau, and Monsieur de Lyonne, the great Negotiator, made Minister of State. The English roialists spread a bruit, that the your fleet of the Sund hath joyned themselues with Henry Cromwell, and that there is at present great appearance of their kings re-establishment. Me thinks, lesse now, than euer. My praiers are for those, that haue a heart to establish peace, and righteousnes, and truth: in which desires I hope the God of peace and truth will heare him, who is
                     Sir
                       your reall friend and servant
                                  H. O.
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[enclosure]
     Processus in opere philisophico Vitriolj. For Mr
                                                  Hartlib
Sume vitrioli, in distillata aqua pluvia nonnihil tepefacta dissoluti; libras decem. Hanc materiam per 24. horas sepone, et fæcibus, quæ plures sunt, subsidentibus, eam per chartam filtra; filtratum leniter evaporare sine, donec pelliculâ contegatur. Tum in loco frigido colloca, ut concrescat: concretum, nonnihil prius siccatum, rursus in distillata aqua pluvia solve, et, ut antea, denuò concrescere sine: idque toties iterandum, donec appareat, vitriolum in cæruleo-viridem colorem abiisse, et nullis amplius fæcibus residuis, omnique vi corrosivâ sublatâ, gratum dulcemque saporem [acquiscivisse?]
  Hoc vitriolum sic probè depuratum Retortæ obductæ crudum nec calcinatum [impon..? MS edge faded] et super igne luculento distilla: quod cum ipse facerem, (ait author,) intra 12. horas adhibito prudenti ignis moderamine, Chaos meum, in candidissimi vaporis nebulàve forma, sursum ferebatur: hi verò spiritus quamprimum elevari desinerent, rubensque oleum corrosivum succedere inciperet, mox ignem exstinxi. Postridie mane, postquam quod distillaverum refrixerat, in cucurbitam, factâ filtratione, <illud> effudi <et> pulchram admodum flavamque menstrualem aquam nactus <sum> cui, ob adhibitum antea vitriolum non-calcinatum, quid phlegma quidem adhuc inerat; at illud per Balneum M. mox separaui; ut ne vel minima serositatis gutta in eo superesset. Hunc [deletion] liquorem in fundo, gratum valdè, subrubicundum atque ponderosum deprehendi; qua re mox in phialam deplevi eamque Hermeticè sigillatam, et rotundo globo ligneo inclusa super novo tripode ferreo, in balneum vaporosum ex aqua paratum immisi, et in eo, donec seipsum in seipso dissolveret, reliqui. Post aliquot septimanas in duas partes abiit, in aquam limpidam pellicidamque, et in terram fundo phialæ adhærentem, quæ atri cujusdam corrosivi, spissitudine picei, speciem habebat. Limpidum illum spiritum mox separabam; materiam verò piceam, fundo hærentem, ad dissolvendum rursus immittebam. Diebus aliquot elapsis, candidum limpidumque spiriti; qui denuo promanaverat, noctu separabam, eumque laborem toties iterabam, donec nil nisi terra arida in fundo remaneret. Dehinc, spiritum meum candidum diligentissimè per distillationem deparabam, ut oculorum lacrymas referret: terrâ reliquâ super igne adeò exsiccatâ, ut in pulverem friabilis esset, cui spiritum meum rursus superinfundebam, et utrumque sic junctum digestioni commitebam. Tum Spiritus sulphure seu auro philosophico saturatus, pulcherimmum flavo-rubeum colorem induebat: hunc à materia deplebam, mox in cucurbitula spiritum à sulfure extrahebam, remanente in olei forma sulfure, inque eum modum candente, ut rubini spendidissimi speciem præferre
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Spiritum hunc albicantem, modò extractum, priori terræ rursus affundebam, et reliquo sulfure saturatum, unà cum priore in nitido vase vitreo seponebam.   Corpus verò terreum jam pallido-flavum[altered] colorem induerat: quodipsum per aliquot horas calcinatum cucurbitulæ immitebam, spiritu meo albicante eidem super infuso. Hac ratione sal pulchrum et candidum inde extrahebam, terrâ reliquâ ceu planè deinceps invtili rejectâ, tribusque principiis debitè sine vllo defectu separatis. Hoc peracto, sal meum Astrale clarificatum, cujus dimidiam Argentoratensis ponderis vnciam inveni, sumebam, nec non spiritûs mei candidi, cujus quatuor erant unciæ, unciam vnam cum quadrante. Hanc autem spiritûs mensuram in duas partes æquales dividebam, quarum unam sali suo in phiala affundebam, phialamque sollicité per fusionem claudebam. Hoc digestioni commisum in isthoc spiritu solvi rursum incipiebat: quare alteram ei partem mox addebam, eoque facto, corpus unà cum spiritu in atrum carbonem subitò redactum, sursum ad vasis usque orificium ferebatur; at nullo reperto exitu, recessit et circulari cæpit, mox fundum petere, modò medium, modò supremum locum tenere: eumque motum, inde à 4. julÿ ad 7. Aug. ad stuporem meum continuavit. Tandem verò, uniusque unione factâ, omnis materia in atrum pulverem redacta, in vasis fundo planè sicca subsedit. Hoc viso, ignem uno gradu intendebam, phialamque ex digestione in cineres mittebam; atque post exactos 10. dies materia cum summo meo gaudio albescere incipiebat. Quare hunc ignis gradum studiosé conservabam, donec colorem per omnia niveum et argenti instar splendentem materia consequeretur. Factâ verò exploratione, eam necdum fixam reperi; quare in cineres rursus collocabam; igne ad unum gradum ulterius intenso. Tum materia denuò sursum deorsum ferri cæpit, ita quidem ut medium vasis, nunquam verò fundum contingeret: quod per 38. dies durabat, coloribus interim ad 30. dies a me conspectis, quorum pulchritudinem planè mirabilem verbis exprimere non possum. Ejus unum sumpsi gradum<written above: n?>, eoque in Mercurij unciam vnam cum quadrante projecto, illud in argentum purissimum mutavi.
    Deinceps operæ precium erat, tincturæ huic albæ suam animam reddere, ut hac ratione ex candore ad ruborem, adeoque ad virtutis suæ fastigium eveheretur. Tertium itaque principium, Animam nempe, quam reservâram, accepi, quæ 1 5/8 unc. ponderabat: huic spiritum mercurij etiam reservatum, ad 1¨ unc. pondus, affundebam, utroque toties per Alembicum ducto, donec probè unirentur. Quo peracto, hacque materia in 7. partes æquales divisâ, unam ejus partem tincturæ meæ candidæ affundebam, quæ animam illam spiritui suo unitam avidè hauriebat, adeò ut post 12. dies rubesceret, nondum tamen Tincturæ rubræ munus præstaret, sed mercurium et Saturnum duntaxat in Lunam mutaret, quamvis in Luna, separatione [factâ? MS edge], 3. auri grana reperirentur. Quare, imbibitione meâ continuatâ, donec omnes <7.> animæ partes unirentur, in imbibitione 4ta, una tincturæ meæ pars decem partes æris in aurum mutabat; in imbibitione 5ta una pars tingebat 100. in sexta mille, in septima, 10000.
[left margin:]
Author addit, hanc operationem [deletion] sibi hac vice producisse [3?] 5/8 uncias et, se bis operationem hanc repetiisse, producto [æquale fere? MS edge damaged] [2? words illeg.]
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                                   <H: Paris Iulj: 5.>
                                                 59.
                                        Cum Processu
                                           Vitrioli
                        A Monsieur.
                          Monsieur Samuel Hartlib
                          le pere, in Axe-yard of king=
                          street neer Westminster
                            [post marks]
                                          London
[seal]