stopher in London. MarginaliaLondiners agaynst the fryers.This when the faithfull Londoners
Walsingham identified the rioters as Lollards; Foxe identifies them as Londoners. The former is implying that Pateshull's supporters were heretics, the latter that they were an outraged citizenry.
Thus it may appeare by this and other aboue recited, how the Gospell of Christ preached by Iohn Wickleffe and others, began to spread & fructifie abroad in Lōdon, and other places of the realme: & more would haue done no doubt had not William Courtney, the Archbishoppe and other prelates with the kyng, sette them so forceably with might and mayne, to gaynstand the course therof. MarginaliaFew or none burned in king Richardes tyme.Albeit as is sayd before, I find none which yet were put to death therfore, duryng the raigne of this K. Richard the secōd. Wherby it is to be thought of this kyng, that although he cā not be vtterly excused for molestyng the godly and innocent preachers of that tyme, (as by his breues and letters afore mentioned may appeare) yet neither was he so cruel against them, as other that came after him: And that which he did semed to procede by the instigation of the pope and other Bishops, rather then eyther by the consent of his Parliamente, or aduise of his counsaile about him, or els by his owne nature. For as þe decrees of the Parliament in all his time, were constant in stoppyng out the popes prouisions, and in bridlyng his authoritie as we shall see (Christ willing) anone: MarginaliaKinges many tymes brought into much feare of the pope.so the nature of the kyng was not altogether so fiercely set, if that he folowyng the guydyng therof, had not stand so much in feare of the Byshop of Rome & his prelates, by whose importune letters and callyng on, he was continually vrged, to be contrary to that, whiche both right required, & will perhaps in him desired. MarginaliaCommendation of Queene Anne wyfe to kyng Richard.But howsoeuer the doinges of this kyng are to be excused, or not, vndoubted it is þe queene Anne his wife most rightly deserueth singular cōmendatiō: who at the same time lyuing with þe kyng, had þe Gospels of Christ in English, with the foure doctours vpon the same. This Anne was a Bohemian borne, and sister to Wincelaus kyng of Boheme before: Marginalia1394.
The maryage of Queene Anne to K. Richard.who was maried to K. Richard about the fift (some say, the sixt) yeare of his reigne, and continued with hym the space of xi. yeares. MarginaliaThoccasion howe the doctrine of Wickliffe came to Bohemia.By the occasion whereof it may seme not vnprobable, that the Bohemians cōmyng in with her, or resortyng into this realme after her, perused and receaued here the bookes of Iohn Wickleffe, whiche afterwarde they conueyed into Bohemia, wherof partly mention is made before pag. 552.MarginaliaThe death of Quene AnneThe sayd vertuous Queene Anne, after she had lyued with kyng Richard about xi. yeares, in the xvij. yeare of his reigne chaunged this mortall life, and was buryed at Westminster. At whose funerall, Thomas Arundell then archbishop of Yorke, and Lord Chauncelour, made the sermon.
As Foxe declares, he obtained this sermon from a manuscript in Durham cathedral library, which he obtained from Matthew Parker.
MarginaliaThomas Arundell and the B. of London, go to Ireland to the king to complain of the fauorers of Godes worde.For shortly after the death of queene Anne, the same yeare (the kyng beyng then in Ireland) this Thomas Arundell Archbyshop of Yorke, and Byshop of London, Robert Braybrocke (whether sent by the Archbyshop of Canterbury, and the clergy, or whether goyng of theyr owne accorde) crossed the seas to Ireland, to desire the kyng in all spedy wise to returne and helpe the faith and church of Christ, agaynst such as holding of Wickleffes teachyng, went about (as they sayd) to subuert all theyr procedynges, and to destroy the canonicall sanctions of their holy mother churche. At whose complaint the kyng hearyng the one part speake, and not aduising the other, was in such sorte incensed: that incontinent leauyng all hys affaires incomplet, he sped his returne toward England. MarginaliaEx histor. D. Albani.Where he kept his Christenmas at Dublyne, in the whiche meane tyme, Marginalia1395.in the begynnyng of the nexte yeare folowing, whiche was an. 1395. a Parliamēt was called at Westminster, by the commaundement of the kyng. MarginaliaConclusions offered vp in the parliament house.In whiche Parliament, certeine Articles or Conclusions were put vp by them of the Gospell syde, to the number of 12.
The 'book of Conclusions' or The Twelve Conclusions, as they are more generally known, were posted to the doors of Westminster Hall and also St. Paul's in London during the session of Parliament in the first months of 1395. Foxe's source for the background to these events was the brief account in College of Arms MS Arundel 7 (a version of Thomas of Walsingham's Chronica majora - see Thomas of Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, ed. H. T. Riley, 2 vols., Rolls Series 28 [London, 1863-4], II, P. 216). Foxe drew on the Latin version of this text in the Fasciculi Zizanniorum (see Bodley MS e Musaeo 86, fos. 87r-89r), which was reprinted exactly in the Commentarii (fos. 108-115v) and the Rerum (pp. 76-9). The points contained in The Twelve Conclusions - attacks on clerical wealth, compulsory clerical celibacy, the 'feigned miracle' of transubstantiation, prayers for the dead, pilgrimages and auricular confession - caused Foxe no discomfort and, as a result, his versions of the text follow this close quite closely, apart from minor deletions to the last conclusion. The conclusions were translated in the 1563 edition. In the 1570 edition, Foxe collated this version with a version of one of the copies of Roger Dymmock's Liber contra duodecim errores et hereses Lollardorum. The 1570 version of the twelve articles was reprinted, without change, in 1576 and 1583.
[Back to Top]Thomas S. Freeman
University of Sheffield
MarginaliaConclusions exhibited in the parlament.THe first conclusion, when as the churche of England began first to dote in temporalities after her stepmother the great churche of Rome, and the churches were authorised by appropriations: fayth, hope, and charitie, began in diuers places to vanishe and flye away frō our churche, for so much as pride with her most lamentable
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