Marginalia1555. Septemb.MarginaliaChristes body presēt in the Sacrament to our spirituall eyes.Yet do I beleue assuredly that his very body is present in his most holy Supper at the cōtemplation of our spiritually eyes, and so verely eaten with the mouth of our fayth.Marginalia
How the body of Christ is spiritually to be eaten.
Rom. 8. Heb. 9. For as soone as I heare these most comfortable and heauenly wordes spoken and pronounced by the mouth of the Minister: This is my body which is geuen for you, when I heare (I say) this heauenly harmonye of Gods vnfallible promises and truth: I looke not vpō, neither do I behold bread and wyne, for I take and beleue the wordes simply & plainly euen as CHRIST spake them. For hearyng these wordes, my senses be rapt and vtterly excluded:
I.e., the senses are not able to perceive the purely spiritual transformation taking place in the bread and wine. Note that while denying transubstantiation, this passage also denies a sacramentarian interpretation of the eucharist as simply a memorial in which no change at all takes place in the bread and wine.
[Back to Top]Marginalia
Iohn. 6. Ephe. 5. Gala. 2.
How Christes flesh is our meate, and his bloud our drinke.Thus now is CHRISTES flesh my very meate in deede, and his bloud my very drinke in deede, and I am become flesh of his flesh, and bone of his bones. Now I liue, yet not I, but CHRIST liueth in me: yea I dwel in hym and he in me: for through fayth in CHRIST, and for CHRISTES sake we are one, that is, of one consent, mynd, and felowshyp with the Father, the Sonne and the holy Ghost. Ioan. 17. Thus am I assured & fully persuaded, & on this rocke haue I builded by Gods grace, my dwellyng and restyng place for body and soule, lyfe and death. And thus I cōmit my cause vnto CHRIST the righteous & iust iudge, who will an other day iudge these debates and controuersies: whom I humbly besech to cast his tender and mercifull eyes vpon the afflicted and ruinous Churches, and shortly to reduce them into a godly and perpetuall concorde, Amen.
Thus do I beleue, and this is my fayth and my vnderstanding in CHRIST my Sauiour, and his true and holy Religion. MarginaliaMarke. 8.And this who soeuer is ashamed to do among this adulterous and sinnefull generation, of him shall the sonne of man be ashamed when he commeth in the glory of his father with the holy Angels.
[Back to Top]Robert Samuell.
The Rerum simply has a note stating that William Allen was burned at Walsingham in September 1555 (Rerum, p. 525). In the 1563 edition, Foxe wrote a very brief account of Allen's martyrdom, stating that at his execution he was allowed to go to the stake untied. This almost certainly was the personal testimony of an eyewitness. In the 1570 edition, Foxe added details of Allen's examinations and condemnation drawn from Norwich diocesan records. Happily Foxe's copies of these documents - the accusations made of Allen, questions put to Allen along with his answers and his condemnation - survive (BL, Harley 421, fos. 187v, 188v, 201r-202r and 214r). This account was unchanged in the 1576 and 1583 editions.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaW. Allen, Martyr.NExt after the suffering of Robert Samuell, about the begynning of September was burned William Allen in Walsingam, laboring man, seruant somtime to Iohn Houghton of Somerton. He being brought before the Bishop, and asked the cause why he was imprisoned: aunswered, that he was put in prison because he would not follow þe Crosse, saying that he would neuer go on procession.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaThe Martyrdome of W. Allen at Walsingham. Ann. 1555 Septem.Then beyng wylled by the bishop to returne againe to the catholicke church, he aunswered: that he would turne to the catholicke church, but not to the Romishe church, and sayd, that if he saw the King and Queene, & all other folow the crosse, or kneele downe to the crosse, he would not.
Allen did indeed say these things, although he did not make quite the stark contrast between the catholic church and the Roman church that Foxe attributed to him. In reality, Allen promised to obey the laws of the church, but only according to the word of God and not the laws of the present church (BL, Harley 421, fo. 214r). Foxe's selectivity in printing these articles is interesting: Allen also refused to go to church because the sermons were not edifying, he objected to holy water and holy bread, and he declared that after the consecration bread remained bread. He also refused to go to confession (BL, Harley 421, fo. 214r). None of these statements was completely objectionable to Foxe, but some would have required some explanation to be completely acceptable and Foxe probably found it easier to omit them.
[Back to Top]Foxe got this date from his copy of Allen's condemnation (BL, Harley 421, fos. 201r-202r).
there beyng fastened wyth a chayne, stoode quietly with out shrincking, vntyll he dyed.
Foxe is anxious, as he commonly is, to emphasize the stoicism of his martyrs. On the polemical importance of this stoicism see Collinson [1983] and Freeman [1997].
In the Rerum, Foxe simply stated that 'Thomas' Coo was burned at Yoxford on 3 September 1555 (Rerum, p. 525; the month was correct, the date was not. His name was given as 'Thomas' in 1563 and Foxe seems to have confused him with Thomas Cobb. But in this edition Foxe did print what is either Coo's own account of his examination by Bishop Hopton of Norwich, or an account of it by a protestant sympathiser. In Foxe's papers are the sentence and accusations against Coo from Norwich official reords (BL, Harley 421, fos. 186v and 197r-198r. The sentence was the original document and not a copy). Foxe did not print these documents (once again we see Foxe's preference for personal narratives over archival sources for the trials of the martyrs) but they apparently gave him Roger Coo's true name which appears correctly in the 1570 edition. There were no further changes to this account in the 1576 and 1583 editions.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaRoger Coo, Martyr.ROger Coo brought before the bishop, first was asked why he was imprisoned.
MarginaliaTalke betwen Roger Coo, and Hopton Bishop of Norwich.Coo. At the Iustices commaundement
Bish. There was some cause why.
Coo. Here is my accuser, let hym declare.
And hys accuser sayd that he would not receyue the Sacrament.
Bish. Then the bishop sayd that hee thought he had transgressed a law.
Coo. But Coo aunswered that there was no lawe to transgresse.
Bish. The Bishop then asked what hee sayd to the law that then was?
Coo. He aunswered howe hee had bene in prison a long tyme, and knew it not.
No, sayd hys accuser, nor wylt not. My Lord, aske hym when he receaued the Sacrament.
Coo. When Coo heard hym say so, he sayd: MarginaliaRoger Coo to his accuser.I pray you my Lord, let him sit downe & examine me him self.
Bish. But the bishop would not heare that, but said: Coo, why? wyll ye not receiue?
Coo. He aunswered hym that the MarginaliaThe Bishop of Rome.Bishop of Rome had chaunged Gods ordinaūces, and geuen the people bread and wyne in the steede of the Gospell, and the beliefe of the same.
Bish. How proue you that?
MarginaliaThe Sacrament of the Lordes Supper.Coo. Our Sauiour sayd: My flesh is meate in deede, and my bloud is drinke in deede. He that eateth my flesh, & drinketh my bloud, abideth in me, and I in him, and the bread and wyne doth not so.
Bish. Well Coo, thou doest sclaunder our holy Fathers. Did not CHRIST take bread, geue thankes, and brake it, and sayd: This is my body?
Coo. Yes, sayd he, and so he went further with the text saying: Which shall bee geuen for you: do this in the remembraunce of me.
Bish. You haue sayd the truth.
Coo. Then Coo replied further and said: CHRIST wylled to do thys in the remembraunce of him, and not to say thys in the remembraunce of hym, neyther dyd the holy Ghost so lead the Apostles, but taught them to geue thankes, and to breake bread from house to house, and not to say as the Bishop sayd.
Bish. How proue you that?
Coo. It is wrytten in the second of the Actes.
Then the Bishops Chaplayne sayd it was true.
Bish. The Bishop asked hym if he could his beliefe.
Coo. Hee aunswered yea, and so sayd part of the Creede, and then after he sayd, he beleued more: for he beleued the ten cōmaundementes, that it was meete for all such as looke to be saued, to be obedient vnto thē.
Bish. Is not the holy church to be beleued also?
Coo. Yes, if it be builded vpon the word of God.
Bish. The bishop sayd to Coo, that he had charge of hys soule.
Coo. Haue ye so my Lord? Then if ye go to the deuyll for your sinnes, where shall I become?
Bish. Do you not beleue as your father dyd? Was not he an honest man?
Co. It is written that after CHRIST hath suffered: MarginaliaDaniell. 9.There shall come a people with the prince that shall destroy both City and Sanctuary. I pray you shew me whether this destruction was in my fathers tyme, or now?
Bysh. The Byshop not aūsweryng his question, asked him whether he would not obey the kyngs lawes?
Coo. As farre as they agree with the word of God,