MarginaliaAn. 1555. February.the Lord Chauncellour and other hys fellow Bishops, caused the Image of Thomas Becket, that old Romish traytor, to be set vp ouer the Mercers Chappel doore in in Cheapside in London, in the forme and shape of a Byshop, with Miter and Crosier.
This account of the repeated iconoclasm against the statue of Becker first appears in the 1563 edition and was reprinted without alteration in all subsequent editions. Foxe was certainly drawing on oral sources for this, very probably John Barnes or a member of his family or household. Foxe presents Barnes's grievances in the matter sympathetically, and in some detail. The repeated attacks on the statue are widely reported in other sources (see Brigden, p. 593).
[Back to Top]The glosses in this section (1570, 1576, 1580) are mainly functional, making clear the authorship of each letter.
This account of Miles Coverdale's release from prison and the correspondence between Christian III of Denmark and Mary on this matter first appear in the 1563 edition. All of this material was reprinted in the subsequent editions of the Acts and Monuments without significant alteration. This was not the first or last time that Foxe would have drawn on the official correspondence of Mary's reign. These documents were clearly procured through the good offices of someone at court, very probably William Cecil.
[Back to Top]Christian III was, as Foxe observes, acting at the behest of John MacBriar (or Johannes Machabeus), who was Coverdale's brother-in-law and Christian's chaplain. The Marian government, as is apparent from Foxe, was deeply reluctant to release Coverdale; he had been the bishop of Exeter in the previous reign and, along with Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, Barlow, Hooper and Ferrar he was among the members of the Edwardian episcopate targeted by the new regime. But Christian was in a position to apply pressure and he clearly did so. Although he was a pious Lutheran, Christian was also a valued ally of Charles V, the father-in-law of the English queen, and, at this time, England's most important ally. Mary delayed as long as she could, but released Coverdale and gave him a passport in February 1555. Had Christian not intervened, Coverdale would almost certainly have been one of the Marian martyrs.
[Back to Top]The matter and copy of which his suite and letters, as they came to our hādes, we haue here set forth and exprest, wherby the singular loue of this good kyng towardes the truth of Gods word, and the professours therof might the better appeare to the world.
First this vertuous and godly kyng Christianus, hearing of the captiuity of Miles Couerdale, of whom he had had some knowledge before (beyng there in Denmarke in kyng Henry the eight his tyme) and lamentyng his daungerous case, and partely through the intercessiō of M. Machabæus Superintēdent in Denmarke, who was partly of *Marginalia* This M. Machabæus, and Maister Couerdale maryed two sisters. kinne to M. Couerdales wife,
Coverdale had married Elizabeth Macheson; MacBriar was married to her sister Agnes.
MarginaliaThe epistle of the king of Denmarke to Queene Mary, for the deliuerance of M. Couerdale.SErenissima princeps, consanguinea charissima, pro necessitudine mutua ac coniunctione, non solum regij nominis inter nos, sed etiam sanguinis, maximè vero vtrinq; inter hæc regna nostra a vetustissimis vsq̀ temporibus propagata ac seruata, non modo commertiorum, sed omnium officiorum vicissitudine & fide, facere non potuimus quin pietatis & doctrinæ excellentis commendatione, verè reuerendi viri Ioannis Machabæi, sacræ Theologiæ doctoris & professoris præstantiss. subditi ac Ministri nostri imprimis dilecti, supplicibus grauissimisq̀ precibus commoti, ad Serenitatem vestram has literas daremus. Exposuit is nobis, in hac recenti perturbatione ac motu regni Angliæ (quem ex animo euenisse dolemus, & nunc indies in melius verti speramus) quendā nomine Milonem Couerdalum, nuper Diœcesis Exoniēsis, piæ laudatissimæq; memoriæ proximi Regis Serenitatis vestræ fra-
[Back to Top]tris, consanguinei itidem nostri chariss. authoritate constitutum Episcopum, nunc in tristiss. calamitates, carcerem, ac periculum vitæ, nulla atrocioris delicti culpa, sed illa fatali temporum ruina incidisse. Quæ quidem hic Machabæus noster, quod ei affinitate (& quod grauius est) pietatis, eruditionis, ac morum similitudine, tanquam frater deuinctus sit, non minus ad se pertinere existimat. Itaq̀ nostram opem implorat, vt quam ipse gratiam & fauorem apud nos meretur, hominis innocētis calamitati ac periculo (quod ipse non minus suum putat) accommodemus. Mouemur profecto non temere, illius viri (cui suo merito imprimis bene volumus) commiseratione, eiusq̀ maximè testimonio de captiui Antistitis innocētia atq̀ integritate: de qua quidem est vt eo melius speremus, quod multis iā morte mulctatis fontibus, de ipso integrū adhuc Deus esse voluit. Proinde non dubitauimus Serenitatem vestram quanta possimus diligentia atq̀ animi propensione rogare, vt nostra causa captiui illius D. Milonis rationem clementer habere dignetur, eumq̀ vt a sceleris, ita a pœnæ etiam acrocitate alienum esse velit, & temporū offēsam, qua ipsum quoq; affligi verisimile est, nobis nostræq̀ amicitiæ regiæ & precibus, præsertim hoc primo aditu, benignè condonare, saltem èatenus, vt si forte hoc rerum statu grauis eius præsentia sit, incolumis ad nos cum suis dimittatur. Id nobis summi benificij loco, & Serenitati vestræ inflorētiss. regni auspicijs (quæ augusta, fausta, ac fortunata Serenitati vestræ ex animo optamus) ad clemētiæ laudem honorificum erit: & nos dabimus operam, vt cum amicitiæ nostræ habitam rationem intellexerimus, eo maiore studio in mutuam vicem gratitudinis omniumq̀ officiorum erga Serenitatē vestram eiusq̀ vniuersum regnum & subditos incumbamus. Deum optimū maximum precamur, vt Serenitati vestræ ad gloriam sui nominis & publicam salutem fœlices omnium rerum successus & incolumitatem diuturnā largiatur. Datæ ex arce nostra Coldingen. septimo Calendas Maij. Anno. 1554.
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Vester consanguineus, frater, &
amicus Christianus Rex.
MarginaliaQ. Maryes slender answere to the kynges first letter.To these letters of the king, Queene Mary aunswering againe, declared that the sayd Miles Couerdale was in no such captiuitie for any religion, but for certaine debt:
Mary was correct in maintaining that Coverdale was under sureties for being in arrears to the Crown over clerical taxes; in fact, Foxe's use of the word 'captivity' obscures the fact that Coverdale was not being held in prison, but was free and merely obliged to report weekly to the Court of First Fruits and Tenths (PRO E347/1, fo. 38r). However, this was a rather cynical device to hold him until laws against heresy, repealed under Edward VI, could be re-enacted.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaThe secōd epistle of the king of Dēmarke to Queene Mary, for the deliuerance of Maister Couerdale.REdditæ sunt nobis literæ Serenitatis vestræ, quibus benignè admodum ad deprecationem nostrā, qua pro D. Milonis Couerdali ecclesiæ Exon. nuper nominati Episcopi incolumitate vsi sumus, respōdetur: ita vt intelligamus, licet alterius causæ quā nobis innotuetat, periculum sustineat, tamen Serenitatem vestram nostræ intercessionis eam rationem habituram esse, vt illam sibi profuisse ipse Couerdalus sentiat. Cui quidem promissioni regiæ cū tantum meritò tribuamus, vt ea freti non dubitauerimus eius captiui propinquos (nobis inprimis charos) a mærore ac sollicitudine ad spē atq̀ expectationem certæ salutis vocare: facere nō potuimus, quin & gratias Serenitati vestræ pro tam prompta ac benigna voluntate, non modo huius beneficij, sed etiam perpetuæ inter nos ac regna nostra conseruandæ ac colendæ amicitiæ ageremus, & quantū in nobis esset, quod ad amplectenda persequendaq̀ hæc auspicata initia pertineret, nihil prætermitteremus. Neq; verò nobis de clementia ac moderatione Serenitatis vestræ vnquā dubiū fuit, quā deus opt. max. ad gloriā sui nominis & fructum pub. vtilitatis vt magis ac magis efflorescere velit, ex animo optamus. Proinde cum ob rationes ærarias, neq̀ aliud grauius delictū D. Couerdalū teneri Serenitas vestra scribat, est sanè vt ipsius causa lætemur, eoq̀ minus ambigamus liberationem incolumitatemq̀ eius nostris precibus liberaliter donari. Nā & accepimus ipsum Episcopatu, cuius nomine ærario obstrictus fuerat, cessisse, vt inde satisfactio peteretur: maximè cum neq̀ diu eo potitus fuisse, neq̀ tantum emolumēti inde percepisse dicatur. Quinetiam si qua rationum perplexitas, aut alia forte causa reperiri posset, tamen sollitudinem ac dubitationem nobis Serenitatis vestræ tam amicè atq̀ officiose defenrentes literæ omnem exemerunt: vt existimemus Serenitatis vestræ, quoad eius
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