MarginaliaThe lamētable storie of Merindol.THey that write of the begynnyng of this people, say that about CC. yeares ago, they came out of the countrey of Piedmont, to inhabite in Prouince, in certaine Villages destroyed by warres, and other desert places: Wherin they vsed such labour & diligence, þt they had abundance of Corne, Wyne, Oyles, Hony, Almons, with other fruites and commodities of the earth, and much cattel. Before they came thether, Merindol was a barren desert and not inhabited. But these good people (in whom God alwayes had reserued some litle seede of pietie) MarginaliaFor the originall of this people, see before in pag. 349.beyng dispersed, and separated from the societie of men, were compelled to dwell with beastes, in that wast and wild desert, whiche notwithstandyng, through the blessing of God, and their great labour and trauell, became excedyng frutefull. Notwithstandyng, the world in the meane tyme, so detested and abhorred them, and with all shameful rebukes and contumelies, railed agaynst them in such despitefull maner, that it semed they were not worthy that the earth should beare thē. For they, of a long continuance and custome, had refused the Bishop of Romes authoritie, and obserued euer a more perfect kynd of doctrine, then others, deliuered to them from the father to the sonne, euer since the yeare of our Lord. 1200.
[Back to Top]For this cause they were often accused & cõplayned of to the kyng, as contemners and despisers of the Magistrates, & rebels. Wherfore they were called by diuers names, accordyng to the countreyes & places where they dwelt. For in the countrey about Lyons, they were called þe poore people of Lyons: MarginaliaPauperes de Lugduno, Waldēses, Turrelupini, Chagnardi, Of Waldo, read before pag. 295.In the borders of Sarmatia
Crespin's account glosses these various names: 'Vaudois' from 'Pierre Waldo', their presumed founder; 'Lollard' in England, Poland ('Sarmatia') and Livonia; 'Turelupins' ['Turrelupius'] in Artois and Flanders, Chaignars or Chienars ('Chagnardes') in Dauphiné and Piedmont. Foxe's explanation of the latter 'because they liued in places open to the Sunne, and without house or harborough' is not in the Crespin narrative.
[Back to Top]For the Vaudois settlement in and around Mérindol (Vaucluse) in the diocese of Cavaillon, and Cabrières d'Avignon (Vaucluse) in the diocese of Carpentras, see G. Audisio, The Waldensian Dissent. Persecution and Survival, c.1170-c.1570 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 190-193.
For the despatch of Georges Morel ['Georgus Maurellus'], native of Chanteloube (Saint-Crépin) in Dauphiné, and Pierre Masson ['Petrus Latomus'], native of Burgundy in 1530 on this delicate mission to the leading theologians of the emerging Reformed protestant opinions to Johann Oecolampadius (Basel), Berthold Haller (Bern) and Martin Bucer (Strasbourg), see G. Audisio, The Waldensian Dissent. Persecution and Survival, c.1170-c.1570 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 157-8; E. Cameron, The Reformation of the Heretics: the Waldenses of the Alps, 1480-1580 (Oxford: O.U.P., 1984), pp. 134-138; 180-182. Morel was arrested (10 September 1530) during his return journey and died at Dijon. For the distinctive role of the Waldensian 'barbes', see G. Audisio, Preachers by Night. The Waldensian Barbes (15th-16th Centuries) (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2007).
[Back to Top]This passage, a direct translation from Crespin's 1556 text, has in the past been taken to mean that there was a Vaudois 'synod' in Mérindol. If there was a meeting of some of the Vaudois barbes it should not be taken to mean that it resulted in formal documents such as a 'confession' of their faith. The Vaudois community does not seem to have worked with that kind of organisation, structure, and written documentation. See E. Cameron, The Reformation of the Heretics: the Waldenses of the Alps, 1480-1580 (Oxford: O.U.P., 1984), pp. 137-8.
[Back to Top]Foxe follows here scrupulously the account given in Crespin [1560], fol 89A, ignoring later amplifications of the narrative undertaken by Crespin. For the history of Jean de Roma, including confirmation of much of Foxe's narrative, see G. Audisio, Le barbe et l'inquisiteur. Procès du barbe vaudois Pierre Griot par l'inquisiteur Jean de Roma (Apt, 1532) (Ax-en-Provence, 1979), introduction.
[Back to Top]Wherfore Frances the French kyng beyng informed of the straunge and outragious crueltie of this hellishe Monke: sent letters to the highe Court or Parlament of Prouince, that forthwith he should bee apprehended, and by forme of proces and order of law, he should bee condemned, and aduertisement sent vnto him with all spede, of his condemnation. The Monke beyng aduertised hereof by his frendes, conueyed him selfe to Auinion, where he thought to enioye the spoilynges, which he, like a notorious thefe, had gotten by fraude & extorcion, frõ the poore Christians. But shortlye after, he whiche had so shamefullye spoyled other, was spoyled of altogether, by his owne housholde seruauntes: MarginaliaThe iust iudgment of God agaynst a cruell persecutor.Wherupon, shortly after, he fell sicke of a most horrible disease, straunge and vnknowen to any Phisition. So extreme were the paynes and tormentes, wherewith hee was continually vexed in all his body, that no oyntment, no fomentation, nor any thyng els, could ease him one minute of an houre. Neither was there any man that could tary neare about him: ne yet would any of his owne frendes come neare him: so great was the stinch that came frõ him. For the whiche cause he was caryed from the Iacobines, to an hospitall, there to be kept: But the stinch and infection, so encreased, that no man durst there come neare him: no nor he him selfe was hable to abyde the horrible stinch that ishued from his body, full of vlcers and sores, and swarming with vermine, and so rotten, that the fleshe fell away from the bones, by peecemeale.
[Back to Top]Whiles he was in these tormētes and anguishe, he cryed out often tymes in great rage: Oh who will deliuer me? Who will kill me and rydde me out of these vntolerable paynes, whiche I know, I suffer for the euils and oppressions, that I haue done to the poore men? And he hym selfe went about diuers tymes, to destroy him selfe, but he had not the power. MarginaliaA spectacle to all persecutors.In these horrible tormentes and anguishe, and fearefull dispayre, this blasphemer and most cruell homicide, most miserablie ended his vnhappy dayes and cursed life, as a spectacle to all persecutours, receauing a iust reward of his crueltie by the iust Iudgemēt of God. When hee was dead, there was no man that would come neare hym to burye him: but a yonge Nouyce newly come to hys order, in stede of a more honorable sepulture, caught holde with a hooke vpon his stinking carian, and drewe him into a hole hard by, whiche was made for him.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaThe Byshop of Aix, Perionet hys Officiall, Meiranus, cruell persecutors.After the death of this cruell monster,
This passage was not included in the reprinted Crespin text, but was incorporated into Pantaleon's narrative from the original Crespin edition of 1554. It was the briefest of indications that the ecclesiastical prosecution of the Vaudois had been active through much of the 1530s. The archbishop of Aix-en-Provence in this period was Pierre Filhol ['Philholi'].
[Back to Top]MarginaliaAn other example of Gods terrible iudgement vpon a persecutor.After þe death
The careers of the magistrates in the Parlement of Aix-en-Provence mentioned in this passage are evoked in F. Vindry, Les parlementaires français au XVIe siècle 2 vols (Paris: H. Champion, 1909-1912). For Barthélemi Chassané [var: Chasseneuz - Foxe refers to him as 'Barthellemewe Chassane' in the 1563 edition], nominated premier president there in 1531, see Fleury Vindry, 1, p. 20. For Thomas Cuisinier [var: Cuissinier; Cousinier], sieur de Beaujay, also premier president at the Parlement, Ibid., 1, p. 20. Nicolas de Mathieu, sieur du Revest et de Riez is probably the 'Lord of Revest' to whom the account refers.
[Back to Top]MarginaliaAn other example of Gods iudgemēt vpõ Chassaneus, a bloudy persecutor.After him succeded Bartholomeus Chassaneus, likewise a pestilent persecutour, whom God at length strooke with a fearefull & sodein death. In the time of this Tyranne, those of Merindol, in the person of ten, were cited personally to appeare before the kynges Atturney. But they hearyng that
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