1583 Edition | Book 8 | Page 1079 
CloseLord Lisle
(before 1472 - 1542) [ODNB]
Illegitimate son of Edward IV; soldier, diplomat, administrator; lord deputy of Calais
Adam Damplip was asked to stay for a while in Calais to preach to the people there. He agreed, but only if he obtained licence. He was taken to Lord Lisle, who asked him to stay and preach three or four times a week. Lord Lisle offered him a room in his house and meals at his own table. 1563, p. 656; 1570, p. 1400; 1576, p. 1194; 1583, p. 1223.
[Back to Top]Lord Lisle's servant, Cranwell, was sent to remove the notice of interdict of the king and realm posted at the pope's command on the door of the church at Dunkirk. He removed it and brought it back whole to Lord Lisle. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
Lord Lisle was sent to England and imprisoned in the Tower. The king pardoned him, but he died before he could be released. 1563, p. 665; 1570, p. 1405; 1576, p. 1198; 1583, p. 1227.
Lord Lisle was one of the Calais councillors who persecuted the protestants there. All of those councillors eventually were imprisoned or died miserably. 1563, p. 668; 1570, p. 1406; 1576, p. 1199; 1583, p. 1228.
CloseCalais spear; servant to Lord Lisle [Lisle Letters, p. 214]
Lord Lisle's servant, Cranwell, was sent to remove the notice of interdict of the king and realm posted at the pope's command on the door of the church at Dunkirk. He removed it and brought it back whole to Lord Lisle. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(d. 1534) [ODNB]
Benedictine monk; BTh Oxford 1513; DTh 1518; confessor and spiritual advisor, publicist to Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent); hanged for treason with her
Edward Bocking was executed for treason. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(1481/2 - 1544) [ODNB]
BA Oxford 1501; MA Cambridge 1502/3; BTh Cambridge 1515; studied at Louvain and Bologna; DTh; entered into a vendetta with Erasmus; royal chaplain 1520; king's almoner 1523; archdeacon of Colchester (1523 - 31); ambassador to the imperial court (1525 - 29)
Archbishop of York (1531 - 44)
Edward Lee, along with other archdeacons in the London diocese, was sent a commission to seek out and deliver any copies of the New Testament in English and anything from a list of proscribed books in 1526. 1563, p. 450; 1570, p. 1157; 1576, p. 991; 1583, p. 1018.
Thomas Boleyn, John Stokesley and Edward Lee were sent as delegates to the pope to present the king's case for a divorce from Queen Catherine. 1570, p. 1195; 1576, p. 1023; 1583, p. 1051.
Lee swore an oath of allegiance to Henry VIII as head of the church. 1570, p. 1203; 1576, p. 1030; 1583, p. 1057.
Edward Lee summoned Queen Catherine to appear before the archbishop of Canterbury and other bishops, but she refused to attend. The archbishop pronounced that she and the king were divorced. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
Lee was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.
Lee attended a synod in 1537 with other bishops and learned men and with Thomas Cromwell as vicar-general. Lee favoured retaining the seven sacraments. 1563, p. 594; 1570, p. 1351; 1576, p. 1153; 1583, p. 1182.
CloseGentleman, JP, of Chilsham, Kent; accused of treason with Elizabeth Barton in 1533, did penance; attainted of misprision and concealment of treason in 1534 [ODNB sub Elizabeth Barton]
Edward Thwaites was associated with Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent). He was convicted of misprision of treason, had his goods confiscated and was imprisoned. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(d. 1534) [ODNB sub Elizabeth Barton]
Parson of St Mary Aldermary, London; former chaplain to Archbishop Warham; one of the chief followers of Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent); hanged for treason with her
Henry Gold was executed for treason. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(d. 1534) [ODNB sub Elizabeth Barton]
Warden of the Greyfriars, Canterbury; one of the chief followers of Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent); hanged for treason with her
[Foxe names him as Richard Risby.]
Henry Risby was executed for treason. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(d. 1534) [ODNB sub Elizabeth Barton]
Warden of the Franciscans, Richmond Priory; one of the chief followers of Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent); hanged for treason with her
Hugh Rich was executed for treason. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(d. 1540) [ODNB]
Clergyman; DTh Cambridge (1523); chaplain to John Fisher of Rochester; attainted of misprision of treason in 1534 for supporting Elizabeth Barton
John Addison was associated with Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent). He was convicted of misprision of treason, had his goods confiscated and was imprisoned. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
CloseBCL, chaplain to Henry VIII; Cranmer's commissary in Calais by 1534; supported Adam Damplip in 1538; removed from Calais in 1539; imprisoned in the Marshalsea for nine months [Fines; Lisle Letters]
After the pope had had a notice posted on the church door in Dunkirk ordering the king to cease his pursuit of a divorce from Queen Catherine, John Butler took it down on the king's orders. This was followed by the posting of a notice of interdict of the king and realm, which Butler was also sent to remove. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
[Back to Top]John Butler was one of those accused of heresy to the privy council by councillors of Calais. 1563, p. 661; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1195; 1583, p. 1224.
He was accused by Richard Thorpe and John Ford, soldiers of Calais. John Butler and William Smith were taken into England from Calais and were sent to the privy council to answer charges of heresy and sedition and then taken to the Fleet. They were then brought for examination before John Clerk, Richard Sampson and William Rugg. Butler was eventually discharged and sent home, but deprived of his office. 1570, p. 1404; 1576, p. 1197; 1583, p. 1226.
[Back to Top]Adam Damplip was sent to the mayor's prison in Calais along with John Butler and the curate Daniel. There were orders that no one was to speak to Butler. 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1199; 1583, p. 1229.
After the execution of Damplip, Massie returned to England with John Butler and Daniel the curate, who were imprisoned in the Marshalsea. They stayed there nine months until, with his brother-in-law and Sir Leonard Musgrave standing surety, he was released and eventually allowed to return to Calais. 1570, p. 1407; 1576, p. 1200; 1583, p. 1229.
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Close(1481/2? - 1541) [ODNB]
Diplomat; bishop of Bath and Wells (1523 - 41)
Thomas Wolsey, William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, John Fisher, Nicholas West, John Veysey, John Longland, John Clerk and Henry Standish took part in the examination of Thomas Bilney and Thomas Arthur in 1527-28. 1563, pp. 461-78; 1570, pp. 1134-46; 1576, pp. 971-81; 1583, pp. 998-1008.
John Clerke took part in the examination of John Tewkesbury. 1563, p. 491; 1570, pp. 1165-66; 1576, p. 997; 1583, p. 1025.
The archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer), along with the bishops of London (Stokesley), Winchester (Gardiner), Bath and Wells (Clerk) and Lincoln (Longland) and other clergy went to see Queen Catherine. She failed to attend when summoned over 15 days, and they pronounced that she and the king were divorced. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
[Back to Top]Clerk was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.
Clerk attended a synod in 1537 with other bishops and learned men and with Thomas Cromwell as vicar-general. Clerk favoured retaining the seven sacraments. 1563, p. 594; 1570, p. 1351; 1576, p. 1153; 1583, p. 1182.
John Butler and William Smith were brought for examination before John Clerk, Richard Sampson and William Rugg. 1570, p. 1403; 1576, p. 1196; 1583, p. 1226.
Close(d. 1534) [ODNB sub Elizabeth Barton]
Monk of Christ Church, Canterbury; follower of Eizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent); hanged for treason with her
John Dering was executed for treason. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(c. 1469 - 1535) [ODNB]
Vice-chancellor of Cambridge University (1501 - 1504); chancellor of Cambridge University (1504); bishop of Rochester (1504 - 34); cardinal; martyr
John Fisher preached a sermon at the penance of Robert Barnes. 1563, p. 602; 1570, p. 1365; 1576, p. 1165; 1583, p. 1193.
Fisher preached a sermon against Luther in 1526. 1563, p. 436; 1570, p. 1129; 1576, p. 967; 1583, pp. 993-94.
Thomas Wolsey, William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, John Fisher, Nicholas West, John Veysey, John Longland, John Clerk and Henry Standish took part in the examination of Thomas Bilney and Thomas Arthur in 1527-28. 1563, pp. 461-78; 1570, pp. 1134-46; 1576, pp. 971-81; 1583, pp. 998-1008.
John Fisher was one of the chief advocates for Queen Catherine before the papal legates considering the matter of the divorce. 1563, p. 458; 1570, p. 1194; 1576, p. 1023; 1583, p. 1051.
Fisher protested in parliament in 1530 about the proposed bill relating to the probate of testaments, saying it would mean the ruin of the church. 1570, p. 1131; 1576, p. 968; 1583, p. 995.
Thomas Hitten was imprisoned by Archbishop Warham and Bishop Fisher, tortured and then burnt at Maidstone. 1570, p. 1134; 1576, p. 971; 1583, pp. 997-98.
The bishop of Rochester said that angels were ministers to the souls in purgatory. 1570, p. 1156; 1576, p. 990; 1583, p. 1017.
Fisher wrote against Johann Oecolampadius and Luther. He was a persecutor of John Frith. He and Sir Thomas More had Frith burnt. 1570, p. 1216; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1068.
Fisher was associated with Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent). He was convicted of misprision of treason, had his goods confiscated and was imprisoned. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
John Fisher, Sir Thomas More and Nicholas Wilson refused to swear an oath on the king's supremacy and were imprisoned in the Tower. Fisher and More were executed. 1570, pp. 1200, 1216; 1576, pp. 1028, 1042; 1583, pp. 1056, 1068.
The pope promoted John Fisher to cardinal, but Fisher was executed before he could be elevated. 1570, p. 1216; 1576, p. 1042; 1583, p. 1069.
Fisher is one of the Catholic martyrs written of by Nicholas Harpsfield. 1570, p. 1375; 1576, p. 1173; 1583, p. 1201.
Close(1473 - 1547) [ODNB]
Scholar, preacher; BTh Oxford by 1509; DTh by 1511; dean of Salisbury 1514
Bishop of Lincoln (1521 - 1547); royal confessor 1524
Thomas Wolsey, William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, John Fisher, Nicholas West, John Veysey, John Longland, John Clerk and Henry Standish took part in the examination of Thomas Bilney and Thomas Arthur in 1527-28. 1563, pp. 461-78; 1570, pp. 1134-46; 1576, pp. 971-81; 1583, pp. 998-1008.
Thomas Harding was brought before Bishop Longland to be examined. Longland condemned him as a relapse, and he was sentenced to be burnt. 1570, p. 1117; 1576, p. 956; 1583, p. 983.
John Longland took part in the examination of John Tewkesbury. 1563, p. 491; 1570, pp. 1165-66; 1576, p. 997; 1583, p. 1025.
John Frith was examined in London by the bishops of London, Winchester and Lincoln. Stokesley pronounced the sentence of condemnation. 1563, pp. 501-04; 1570, pp. 1176-78; 1576, pp. 1006-08; 1583, pp. 1034-35.
Andrew Hewett was examined by Stokesley, Gardiner and Longland. 1563, p. 506; 1570, p. 1180; 1576, p. 1009; 1583, p. 1036.
Other Lollards were brought before Longland to be examined, confess and abjure. 1570, pp. 1118-20; 1576, pp. 957-59; 1583, pp. 984-86.
The archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer), along with the bishops of London (Stokesley), Winchester (Gardiner), Bath and Wells (Clerk) and Lincoln (Longland) and other clergy went to see Queen Catherine. She failed to attend when summoned over 15 days, and they pronounced that she and the king were divorced. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
[Back to Top]Longland was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.
Longland attended a synod in 1537 with other bishops and learned men and with Thomas Cromwell as vicar-general. Longland favoured retaining the seven sacraments. 1563, p. 594; 1570, p. 1351; 1576, p. 1153; 1583, p. 1182.
Longland preached a sermon against the pope's supremacy in front of the king at Greenwich on Good Friday in 1538. 1570, pp. 1250-54; 1576, pp. 1071-74; 1583, pp. 1097-1100.
Mark Cowbridge went mad, was condemned by John Longland and burnt in Oxford. 1563, p. 574; 1570, p. 1292; 1576, p. 1105; 1583, p. 1131.
Longland and Anthony Draycot were active in enforcing the Six Articles within the diocese of Lincoln. 1570, p. 1382; 1576, p. 1179; 1583, p. 1207.
CloseSergeant to the lord mayor of London living above Bishopsgate
Just before Pavier hanged himself, he sent his servants to Edney, asking him to wait for him at Finsbury. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(d. 1533); town clerk of the city of London
Edward Hall reported that Pavier had said that if the king sanctioned an English edition of the scriptures and allowed people to read it, he (Pavier) would cut his throat. He was at the burning of James Bainham (Foxe calls him Richard Bainham), calling for the heretic to be burnt. The next year he hanged himself. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
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Close(d. by 20/8/1533) [Fasti]
DCnCL; prebendary of Wenlocksbarn in the diocese of London (1530-33)
The trial of Richard Bayfield began before Richard Foxford, the bishop of London's official. 1563, p. 486; 1570, p. 1162; 1576, p. 994; 1583, p. 1022.
Foxford read out the articles and answers at James Bainham's abjuration. He presided over Bainham's examination as a relapse and his condemnation. 1563, pp. 498-500; 1570, pp. 1169-71; 1576, pp. 1000-02; 1583, pp. 1028-29.
Foxford interrogated Thomas Patmore. 1570, p. 1188; 1576, p. 1017; 1583, p. 1044.
Patmore's release from prison was ordered by the king. The king gave him a commission to the lord chancellor, the archbishop of Canterbury and Secretary Cromwell to investigate the dealings of Stokesley and Foxford towards Patmore. 1583, p. 1045.
Foxford died, suddenly and unpleasantly, while sitting in his chair. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(d. 1534) [ODNB sub Elizabeth Barton]
Parson of Aldington, Kent; reported Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent) to Archbishop Warham; became one of her chief followers; indicted for high treason, reprieved
Foxe says that Richard Master was executed with Elizabeth Barton. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(c. 1495x8 - 1555) [ODNB]
Theologian, administrator; BCnL Cambridge 1518; DCL 1521; DCnL 1522; chancellor of Cambridge
Principal secretary to the king 1529; ambassador to France
Bishop of Winchester (1531 - 51, 1553 - 55)
Thomas Cromwell, Thomas More and Stephen Gardiner served together in Thomas Wolsey's household. 1563, p. 592; 1570, p. 1347; 1576, p. 1150; 1583, p. 1178.
Gardiner and Edward Fox urged leniency on Cardinal Wolsey when dealing with Robert Barnes. They stood surety for him and convinced him to abjure. 1563, pp. 601-02; 1570, pp. 1364-65; 1576, pp. 1164-65; 1583, pp. 1192-93.
Stephen Gardiner was sent as ambassador to Rome by Henry VIII during the time of Clement VII to deal with the matter of the king's divorce and to promote Thomas Wolsey as pope. Both the king and Wolsey wrote letters to him. 1570, pp. 1125-28, 1193; 1576, pp. 963-66, 1021; 1583, pp. 990-92, 1049.
Shortly after Gardiner became secretary to King Henry, he and William Fitzwilliam were assigned by the king to ensure that Thomas Wolsey's goods were not stolen after his deprivation of his offices, but returned to the king. 1570, p. 1130; 1576, p. 967; 1583, p. 994.
Richard Bayfield was tried before John Stokesley, assisted by Stephen Gardiner and others. 1563, p. 484; 1570, p. 1161; 1576, p. 993; 1583, p. 1021.
John Frith was taken first to the archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth, then to the bishop of Winchester at Croydon, and then to London to plead his case before the assembled bishops. He was examined there by the bishops of London, Winchester and Lincoln. 1563, pp. 501-03; 1570, pp. 1176-78; 1576, pp. 1006-08; 1583, pp. 1034-35.
[Back to Top]Andrew Hewett was examined by Stokesley, Gardiner and Longland. 1563, p. 506; 1570, p. 1180; 1576, p. 1009; 1583, p. 1036.
The archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer), along with the bishops of London (Stokesley), Winchester (Gardiner), Bath and Wells (Clerk) and Lincoln (Longland) and other clergy went to see Queen Catherine. She failed to attend when summoned over 15 days, and they pronounced that she and the king were divorced. 1570, p. 1200; 1576, p. 1027; 1583, p. 1055.
[Back to Top]Gardiner swore an oath of allegiance to Henry VIII as head of the church. 1570, p. 1203; 1576, p. 1030; 1583, p. 1057.
In his De vera obedientia, Gardiner challenged the authority of the pope and argued against the validity of the king's marriage to Catherine of Aragon. 1570, pp. 1204-06; 1576, pp. 1031-32; 1583, pp. 1058-59.
Gardiner was one of the subscribers to the Bishops' Book. 1570, p. 1211; 1576, p. 1037; 1583, p. 1064.
Gardiner was sent with a Henry VIII's answer to Francis I, king of France, regarding Henry's supremacy over the English church. 1570, p. 1221; 1576, p. 1045; 1583, p. 1072.
Gardiner was suspected of involvement in the downfall of Anne Boleyn, and urged the king to disinherit Elizabeth. 1570, pp. 1233, 1243; 1576, p. 1056; 1583, pp. 1082, 1083.
Gardiner was a resident ambassador to France in 1538, when Edmund Bonner, through the efforts of Thomas Cromwell, was brought in to replace him. There were great disagreements between the two, since Bonner at the time was in favour of reform. 1570, p. 1239; 1576, p. 1061; 1583, p. 1088.
The bearward who had a book belonging to Archbishop Cranmer's secretary intended giving it to Sir Anthony Browne or Stephen Gardiner. 1570, p. 1356; 1576, p. 1157; 1583, p. 1186.
In a letter to Henry VIII, Philip Melancthon called Gardiner wicked and impudent. 1570, p. 1341; 1576, p. 1145; 1583, p. 1173.
Bonner sent a declaration to Cromwell of Stephen Gardiner's evil behaviour. 1570, pp. 1241-44; 1576, pp. 1063-66; 1583, pp. 1090-92.
Gardiner urged Henry VIII to withdraw his defence of religious reform in order to ensure peace within the realm and to restore good relations with foreign rulers. 1570, pp. 1296; 1576, p. 1109; 1583, p. 1135.
Stephen Gardiner urged Henry VIII to use the case against John Lambert as a means of displaying the king's willingness to deal harshly with heresy. 1563, pp. 533-34; 1570, p. 1281; 1576, p. 1095; 1583, pp. 1121-22.
Cranmer had sent letters for Henry VIII to sign relating to reform in the church. Gardiner convinced the king that these reforms would jeopardise a league with the king of France and the emperor, so the letters were never signed. 1570, p. 1426; 1576, p. 1215; 1583, p. 1245.
Gardiner disputed with Lambert during his trial. 1563, pp. 535-36; 1570, pp. 1282-83; 1576, p. 1097; 1583, p. 1123.
Stephen Gardiner was Thomas Cromwell's chief opponent. 1563, p. 598; 1570, p. 1359; 1576, p. 1160; 1583, p. 1189.
Stephen Gardiner complained to the king about the sermon of Robert Barnes preached during Lent at Paul's Cross. He disputed with Barnes, and Richard Coxe and Thomas Robinson acted as arbiters. Gardiner then submitted articles against Barnes. 1570, p. 1371; 1576, pp. 1169-70; 1583, p. 1198.
Adam Damplip was brought before Thomas Cranmer, Stephen Gardiner, Richard Sampson and others and examined. 1563, p. 657; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1194; 1583, p. 1224.
Thomas Broke, Ralph Hare, James Cocke and James Barber were sent from Calais with their accusers to England to be examined by Cranmer, Gardiner, Sampson and other bishops. 1563, p. 661; 1570, p. 1401; 1576, p. 1195; 1583, p. 1224.
William Symonds and John London kept notes of Anthony Pearson's sermons at Windsor. They included the names of all those who frequented the sermons and reported all of these to Stephen Gardiner, who in turn reported to the king and received a commission for a search at Windsor. 1570, pp. 1389-90; 1576, p. 1185; 1583, pp. 1213-14.
[Back to Top]Gardiner had Simon Haynes and Philip Hoby committed to the Fleet, but their friends secured their release. 1570, p. 1390; 1576, p. 1186; 1583, p. 1214.
Gardiner conducted the third examination of John Marbeck himself. He ordered Marbeck to be placed in irons and kept in isolation. 1570, pp. 1391-92; 1576, pp. 1186-88; 1583, pp. 1215-16.
On the orders of Stephen Gardiner, John Massie took Adam Damplip to Calais. 1570, p. 1400; 1576, p. 1193; 1583, p. 1223.
John Capon and others of the judges in the trial of Marbeck, Testwood, Pearson and Filmer at Windsor sent a message to Stephen Gardiner in favour of John Marbeck. Gardiner went straight to the king and obtained a pardon. 1570, p. 1397; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1220.
After the burning of Filmer, Pearsons and Testwood, Capon sent Robert Ockham with a report to Stephen Gardiner. 1570, p. 1398; 1576, p. 1191; 1583, p. 1221.
Gardiner was one of the questioners at the second examination of Anne Askew in 1546. 1563, p. 683; 1570, p. 1417; 1576, p. 1208; 1583, p. 1237.
Katherine Parr read and studied the scriptures and discussed them with her chaplains. The king was aware of this and approved, so she began to debate matters of religion with him. When the king became more ill-tempered because of his sore leg, her enemies, especially Stephen Gardiner and Thomas Wriothesley, took the opportunity to turn the king against her. 1570, pp. 1422-23; 1576, pp. 1212-13; 1583, pp. 1242-43.
[Back to Top]Gardiner and other enemies of Katherine Parr planned to accuse and arrest Lady Herbert, Lady Lane and Lady Tyrwhit and search their quarters for books and other evidence to use against the queen. 1570, p. 1423; 1576, p. 1213; 1583, p. 1243.
During Henry VIII's final illness, Sir Anthony Browne tried unsuccessfully to get Stephen Gardiner reinstated in the king's will. 1570, p. 1478; 1576, p. 1253; 1583, p. 1291.
After the death of Henry VIII, the duke of Suffolk related to Thomas Cranmer how Stephen Gardiner had nearly been arrested at the time of the execution of Germaine Gardiner. He confessed his fault to the king and was pardoned. 1570, p. 1477; 1576, p. 1253; 1583, p. 1290.
Stephen Gardiner preached a sermon contrary to King Edward's injunctions. He was arrested and taken to the Tower by Sir Anthony Wingfield and Sir Ralph Sadler; Sadler and William Hunnings were instructed to seal off doors to his house. He was transferred to the Fleet. 1563, pp. 728, 760; 1570, pp. 1521, 1529; 1576, pp. 1297, 1304; 1583, pp. 1340, 1353-54.
[Back to Top]Gardiner wrote to Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, the Lord Protector and others while imprisoned in the Fleet. 1563, pp. 728-54; 1570, pp. 1522-25; 1576, pp. 1297-1300; 1583, pp. 1340-50.
Gardiner was released out of the Fleet by a general pardon, but was placed under house arrest for failure to conform. Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Smith and William Cecil were sent to him. He was called before the council. 1563, p. 755; 1570, pp. 1525-26; 1576, p. 1301; 1583, p. 1351.
Gardiner was imprisoned in the Tower with Cuthbert Tunstall under Edward VI and Edward Seymour. 1563, p. 685; 1570, p. 1486; 1576, p. 1260; 1583, p. 1296.
After Gardiner had been in the Tower for nearly a year, Sir William Paulet and Sir William Petre visited and urged him to admit his fault. Paulet, Petre, the earl of Warwick and Sir William Herbert delivered the king's letters to him. 1563, pp. 761-62; 1570, pp. 1529-30; 1576, p. 1304; 1583, p. 1354.
[Back to Top]Edward Seymour, John Russell, John Dudley and Sir William Petre visited Stephen Gardiner in the Tower at various times to attempt to get him to accept the king's reforms. 1563, pp. 766; 1570, p. 1532; 1576, p. 1306; 1583, p. 1356.
Articles were put to him to answer. 1563, pp. 754-68; 1570, pp. 1525-34; 1576, pp. 1300-07; 1583, pp. 1350-57.
When Sir William Herbert and Sir William Petre went to Stephen Gardiner in the Tower with new articles, they took with them a canon and a civil lawyer: Nicholas Ridley and Richard Goodrich. 1563, p. 768; 1570, p. 1534; 1576, p. 1307; 1583, p. 1357.
After Gardiner's sequestration, Thomas Cranmer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Goodrich, Henry Holbeach, Sir William Petre, Sir James Hales, Griffith Leyson, John Oliver and John Gosnold were commissioned to examine him. 1563, p. 776; 1570, p. 1535; 1576, p. 1309; 1583, p. 1358.
William Paget, Andrew Baynton and Thomas Chaloner were deponents in the case of Gardiner. 1563, pp. 814-18; 1570, p. 1536; 1576, p. 1309; 1583, p. 1359.
Gardiner was examined and deprived of his bishopric. 1563, pp. 814-67; 1570, pp. 1536-37; 1576, pp. 1309-10; 1583, pp. 1359-60.
CloseRegistrar to the archdeacon of Canterbury; one of the chief supporters of Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent); attainted of misprision and concealment of treason in 1534 [ODNB sub Elizabeth Barton]
Thomas Lawrence was associated with Elizabeth Barton (Joan of Kent). He was convicted of misprision of treason, had his goods confiscated and was imprisoned. 1570, p. 1199; 1576, p. 1026; 1583, p. 1055.
Close(c. 1450 - 1532) [ODNB]
Studied at Oxford; lawyer in Oxford and London; diplomat
Bishop of London (1502 - 04); keeper of the great seal (1502 - 04); archbishop of Canterbury (1504 - 32); lord chancellor (1504 - 15); chancellor of the University of Oxford (1506 - 32)
William Carder, Agnes Grebill and Robert Harrison were tried for heresy in 1511 before William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, Gabriel Sylvester, Thomas Wells and Clement Browne. All three were condemned to burn. Warham had brought in witnesses who had already abjured and would therefore tell everything they knew lest they be found guilty of relapse. 1570, pp. 1454-55; 1576, p. 1240; 1583, pp. 1276-77.
[Back to Top]Thomas Wolsey caused his cardinal's hat, when it arrived, to be taken back to Dover so that the archbishop of Canterbury could greet it. 1570, p. 1124; 1576, p. 962; 1583, p. 989.
Warham was one of the supporters of Queen Catherine before the papal legates considering the matter of the divorce. 1563, p. 458; 1570, p. 1193; 1576, p. 1022; 1583, p. 1050.
In a letter to Juan de Vergara, Erasmus of Rotterdam described how, after the downfall of Thomas Wolsey, Warham was offered the chancellorship but declined due to his advanced years. 1570, p. 1130; 1576, p. 968; 1583, p. 994.
Thomas Hitten was imprisoned by Archbishop Warham and Bishop Fisher, tortured and then burnt at Maidstone. 1570, p. 1134; 1576, p. 971; 1583, pp. 997-98.
Thomas Wolsey, William Warham, Cuthbert Tunstall, John Fisher, Nicholas West, John Veysey, John Longland, John Clerk and Henry Standish took part in the examination of Thomas Bilney and Thomas Arthur in 1527-28. 1563, pp. 461-78; 1570, pp. 1134-46; 1576, pp. 971-81; 1583, pp. 998-1008.
William Tracy's will was sent to the Archbishop Warham to be proved. It contained reformed sentiments, and Warham brought it to the convocation. Tracy's body was exhumed and burnt. 1570, p. 1185; 1576, p. 1015; 1583, p. 1042.
John Lambert was brought from Antwerp to London, where he was examined before Archbishop Warham and others. Forty-five articles were put to him which he answered. Warham then died and Lambert was unbothered for a time. 1563, pp. 528, 533-69; 1570, pp. 1255-80; 1576, pp. 1075-1095; 1583, pp. 1101-21.
CloseKent
OS grid ref: TR 065 365
CloseBedfordshire
OS grid ref: TL 035 375
Close[Buckdone; Bugden]
near Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire
OS grid ref: TL 195 675
Close[Calyce; Calice; Calis; Callis]
Pas-de-Calais, France
Coordinates: 50° 56' 53" N, 1° 51' 23" E
Close[Dunkyrke]
Nord-Pas de Calais, France
Coordinates: 51° 2' 18" N, 2° 22' 39" E
CloseBedfordshire
OS grid ref: TL 015 215
CloseIslington, north London
OS grid ref: TQ 315 825
Close[Huntington; Huntyngton]
Cambridgeshire
OS grid ref: TL 245 725
Historic county town of Huntingdonshire
Lord Cromwell, and Maister Hugh Latimer
CloseAt this time he was the rector of West Kington, Wiltshire (1531) and soon to be bishop of Worcester (from 12 August 1535).
CloseEdward Thwaites' treatise A marvellous work (an account of the nun's miracles and prophecies) was printed at the Robert Redmen press of London (1527). The treatise was referred to 'as very popular' by Cranmer in a letter of 1533 [for which see, Diane Watt, Secretaries of God: Women Prophets in Late Medieval and Early Modern England (Cambridge, 2001), p.58; Miscellaneous Writings and Letters of Thomas Cranmer, 2 vols. ed. by J E Cox (Cambridge, 1846), ii, p.273]. Other men on the list include Thomas Abel (the author of Invicta veritas).
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Close20 April 1534.
The residue as Fisher Byshop of Rochester, Thomas Golde, Thomas Laurence, Edward Thwates, Iohn Adeson, Thomas Abell, being conuicte and atteynted of misprison
CloseMisprision of treason is an offence which is committed by someone who knows that a treason offence is going to happen but who fails to report this to the authorities while an attainder is an act of parliament which declares a person guilty of a crime without the need of trial. Fisher was sent to the Tower on 26 April 1534.
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CloseBarton and the executions are mentioned in the 1550 edition of Hall's Chronicle at fols.218v and 223v.
CloseFor William Pavier, see Edward Hall, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre & York, 2 vols., ed. by H Ellis (London, 1809), ii, p.806; Susan Brigden, London and the Reformation (Oxford, 1989), pp.218-9.
My information farther addeth this, touching the sayd Pauier or Pauie, that he was a bitter enemie, very busie at the burning of Richard BaynehamMarginaliaPauier a bitter e-enemy against Rich. Baynham. aboue mentioned. Who hearing the sayd Baynham at the stake speakyng against Purgatory and transubstantiation: set fire (sayd he) to this hereticke and burne hym. And as the trayne of gunpouder came toward the Martyr, he lifted vp his eyes and hands to heauen, saieng to Pauier: God forgiue thee, and shewe thee more mercy then thou doest to me. The Lord forgiue Sir Thomas More, and pray for me all good people: and so continued he praieng, till the fire tooke hys bowels and his head, &c.
[Back to Top]After whose Martyrdome, the next yeare folowing, this Pauier the towne Clerke of the Citie, went and bought ropes. Which done, he went vp to an hygh garret in hys house to pray, as he was wont to doe, to a roode which he had there, before whom he bitterly wept: And as his own mayde comming vp found him so doyng, he bad her take the rustye sworde, and go make it cleane, and trouble him no more, and immediately he tied vp the rope, and hoong himselfe. The maydes hart still throbbed, and so came vp, and founde him but newly hanged.MarginaliaPauier a persecutor hāged him selfe. Then she hauing no power to helpe him, ranne crieng to the Church to her mistres to fetch her home. His seruants and Clerkes he had sent out before to Finisbery, and to Maister Edney Sergeant to the Lord Maior
CloseThe mayor of London was Sir Christopher Ascue.
To this story of Pauier, may also be added the lyke terrible example of Doctor Foxford, Chauncellour to the Byshop of London, a cruell persecutor and a common butcher of the good Saincts of God: who was the condemner of all those aforenamed, which were put to death, troubled, or abiured vnder Byshop Stokesley through all the dioces of London. MarginaliaThe terrible hād of Gods iudgement vpon Foxford the Byshops Chācellour.This Foxford dyed
CloseFoxford died suddenly if perhaps not so dramatically.
MarginaliaThe death of W. Warham Archb. of Cant.About the same time died also William Warrham Archbyshop of Canterbury:
CloseThe archbishop died on 22 August 1532.
CloseThe Act of Appeals (24 Henry VIII, c.12).
CloseThe council of Chalcedon (451) produced the condemnation of monophysitism and affirmed the two distinct natures of Christ.
CloseFoxe may be here referring to one of many national or plenary Episcopal synods (e.g. Hippo in 393 or Carthage in 407) representing the church in North Africa.
CloseFoxe may be here referring to a synod held at Tolentino.
Wherupon the Archbyshop of Cāterbury Cranmer aboue named, accōpanied with þe Bishops of Lōdon, Winchester, Bathe, Lincolne, & diuers other great Clerkes in a great number, road to Dunstable, which is vi. myle frō Ampthyl,
CloseCatherine's household was established at Ampthill. It was here, on 3 July 1533, she was informed of her official title change from queen to princess dowager.
CloseArchbishop Edward Lee met with Catherine at Ampthill, c.21 May 1533, on the verge of the conclusion of the marriage tribunal at Dunstable.
CloseThe priory at Dunstable was selected due to its remoteness from London, because it was unlikely to be disturbed, and because it was close to Ampthill. Late in April 1533, Cranmer cited Catherine and Henry to appear before this new tribunal [see, L&P, vi, 737 (no.7)] and, on her behalf, ambassador Chapuys sent a letter of protest to the king [see, L&P, vi, 391, 465]. The tribunal opened on 10 May and, because she had not appeared, Catherine was declared 'contumacious' [see, L&P, vi, 470] which, in a legal sense, not only means she refused to abide by the order but also means stubbornly disobedient, wilfully obstinate or even rebellious. Final sentence was rendered on 23 May 1533 [for a discussion, see Andrew A Chibi, Henry VIII's Conservative Scholar (Bern, 1997), pp.82-4].
[Back to Top]MarginaliaA note.¶ Where note that although this diuorce folowyng after the new Mariage, needed not at all to be made, the first Mariage beyng no Mariage at all before God, yet to satisfie the voyce of the people, more then for any necessitie, the kyng was contented through the persuasions of some, so to doe. For els as touchyng God and conscience, what great neede was of any diuorce, where before GOD, no Mariage was to be accounted, but rather an incestuous & detestable adultery, as the Act of Parliamēt doth terme it? But to our matter agayne.
[Back to Top]After the dissolutiō of this first Mariage made betwen the king & the Lady Princesse Dowager, she neuerthelesse bearyng a stout mynde, would not yet relēt, neither to the determination of the Vniuersities, nor to the cēsure of the Clergy, nor of the whole Realme, but folowyng the coūsaile rather of a few Spanyardes, to molest the kyng & the realme by sute, & meanes made to the Pope, procured certaine writynges, first of monition and aggrauation, thē of excommunication and interdiction to be sent downe from Rome,
CloseFoxe is here referring to the fact that Catherine's appeal was still very much alive in the courts of Rome, with which Henry VIII still had to deal (largely through his agents there, Edmund Bonner and Sir Edward Carne). The marriage tribunal in Rome proceeded c.6 July 1533 and lasted to 11 July. The final sentencing was not, however, given until 23 March 1534. [See, Henry A Kelly, The Matrimonial trials of Henry VIII (Stanford, 1976), pp.164-70].
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CloseJohn Butler was a Cranmer protégé, a royal chaplain, and was appointed his commissary of Calais by the archbishop by 1 April 1534. There seems, however, to be a question about the exact dating of his appointment [for which, see Diarmaid MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer (Yale, 1996), p.113].
MarginaliaK. Henry & the realme indicted by the Pope.After that, before Whitson
CloseThis is Pentecost, seven weeks after Easter (which in 1533 was 23 April).
This beyng knowne & certified vnto the kyng, he was motioned by his counsell, that such as were about her, and moued her thereto, should be put frō her. And therfore the Duke of Suffolke
CloseCharles Brandon was sent (c.18 December) to the village of Buckden, where Catherine was lodged at the Great Hall of the palace of Bishop Grossteste since July 1533. [See, Calendar of State Papers, Spanish, iv/ii, pp.892-99; L&P, vi, 622].