Notes

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1. For detailed analysis of Rievaulx’s estates see J. Burton, ‘The estates and economy of Rievaulx Abbey’, Cîteaux 49 (1998), pp. 29 – 93.
2. Rievaulx Abbey, ed. P. Fergusson and S. Harrison (New Haven, London, 1999), pp. 41-2.
3. It is not always clear, however, what functioned as a grange and if it was always a grange.
Rievaulx’s granges are discussed in considerable detail in J. Burton, ‘The estates and economy of Rievaulx Abbey’, Cîteaux 49 (1998), pp. 29 – 93 at pp. 69-81.
4. R. A. Donkin, ‘The Cistercian grange in England in the 12th and 13th centuries, with special reference to Yorkshire’, Studia Monastica 6 (1964), pp. 95-144, at p. 116.
5. D. Williams, Cistercians in the Early Middle Ages (Leominster, 1998), p. 321; Donkin, ‘Cistercian grange’, p. 111; Burton, ‘The estates and economy of Rievaulx Abbey’, p. 34.
6. Donkin, ‘Cistercian grange’, p. 111.
7. Williams, Cistercians, p. 173; Burton, ‘The estates and economy’, pp. 54-55.
8. Fergusson and Harrison, Rievaulx Abbey, p. 41.
9. Burton, ‘The estates and economy’, p. 74.
10. Burton, ‘The estates and economy’, pp. 73; 57.
11. See Burton, ‘The estates and economy’, p. 71.
12. Burton, ‘The estates and economy’, p. 76 [Rievaulx Cartulary, no. 243, pp. 178-180.]
13. Rievaulx Chartulary, no. 241 pp. 175-176.
14. Rievaulx’s patrons are discussed extensively by Emelia Jamrosziak in her recent thesis, ‘Rievaulx Abbey and its social environment 1132-1300’s, PhD thesis, Leeds (2002). Chapter I considers the abbey and its patrons, chapter II discusses aristocratic and knightly families.
15. Cited in Burton, The estates and economy’, p. 67; see Rievaulx Cartularyno. 88 (pp. 54-55).
16. Burton, ‘The estates and economy’, p. 68; see Rievaulx Cartulary appendix no. 58 (pp. 388-390).
17. Early Yorkshire Charters II, no. 95; Rievaulx Chartulary no. 49 (p. 27).
18. R. A. Donkin, ‘The Cistercian grange in England in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries with special reference to Yorkshire’, Studia Monastica 6 (1964), pp. 95-144, at p. 113 (see Rievaulx Cartulary, no. 80).
19. B. Jennings, Yorkshire Monasteries: Cloister, Land, People (Otley, 1999), p. 72 (map, p. 73).
20. Cited in Burton, ‘The estates and economy’, p. 62; see Rievaulx Chartularyno. 231 (pp. 169-170).
21. Walter Daniel, Life of Aelred, pp. 28-29.
22. Burton, ‘The estates and economy’, p. 33.
23. Thanks to Dr Emelia Jamroziak for providing details of this interesting example. For a full account, see Rievaulx Cartulary, no. 153; this ‘curious story’ is mentioned briefly by V. H. Galbraith, ‘The death of a champion’, in Studies in Medieval History presented to F. M. Powicke, ed. R. W. Hunt, W. A. Pantin, R. W. Southern (Oxford, 1948), pp. 283-295, at p. 290.
24. Yorkshire Fines, John, Surtees Soc. XCIV (1897), no. xcix (p. 40).
25. Yorkshire Fines, John, Surtees Soc. XCIV (1897), no. cccxc, p. 143.
26. Chartulary of Rievaulx, no. 241 (pp. 175-176).